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The forty-second report of the Basel German Evangelical missionary society in South-Western India for 1881, 42 oo i s 4 & & 2 s v o e T s S i = i 2 £ TS e 7. Y R T o s i el K5 o Sk o] 1 i 25 e £y il % B o 5 %t L Farh Ak e (23! W e e e, et Fo G % 2 £t 3 ) £ S Sao it i Y 2 o S S ﬁmm 24 = o 3 AP ity o 8 Sl e % AR e 7% S Sty ok T <3 s 2 - = Sl oo % = i L2 ? R o o e " <5 eionun P = ey e (SN ; s S S K 15N i .4 o G S S e i s s S o St et S = i ey ey s e =2 s .” T 2 o o NN o S A Sy, e N AR 3. P e “ e o 2 = .u{@.a.v e = s AT . ot s it o " o R, A 5, » o ‘.w ol mw 3z e g > il S = e s e s s ey o i B.mm& . RSy .}'u.w.% 2% T Ry ALk i o (DA B e 2% Nt £ Sk e oo o, e e ety Sy 5 - o o s ey e &uw}nt.!. .MA i T o e S SN et =~ v R SN, Sl S o R, o ey - % e R, oy YN, e > v SA oo RRRRE e o, Vor et o St m“ Lo o4 o iy e i, e SR R s o el O e Koy e R s ooe i ot 2 T e 5 Rl R e ot el oo Ry s e 32 o v Rl e Sy N s . 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T iea b e i g 2% o T 4 i = Sk oY & s & i Ny g - % L k% ASE i s S 2 w‘y 7 X el il by % A S : 7 %33 B 5 o A g - 8 o % A §s - 8 = Ao < L S e e % W L T A i 5 % o p: 2 e 55 S o e g e Lo yr e o 2 g% S o ¥ i ; & B 2K % BASE ) = o 3 £ 4 B b e < 7 o A% i ek vt 4 g = o 35 €5 e N S o o g o 7 3 33 o S % e it S %\ b e . e 1,“ ! 5 s, b 5 Sk £ &5 Sy s 5 2 58 o S %3 o A : v £ 5 e b2 st e 5 & £ e X ¥ S e, sy e N ¥ 9, % oo v i 13 % o i i3 1% 2. 5 o, 2 4 7. >5 3 R Py o . e 8 A % 3 TR % % A X % 5 3 i ' 2 i ] i e & W B . 1N 3 xH e & o '3 5 A o 3 P ot % 5 % P 5 weow\ R i ek R, i 2 A5 e i 5 st 22 e e i A 4@ z £ S W Wy S ot % RS e £§ ¥ £ 23 % 3 o A5, = G P b R i e £ p : o Aoy s e et e i i X o X 28 332 e e o 4 et P T & g FE - a o ¥ N & = 3% N % 3 o 2 g 3 e 2 % S % 5 X 7. 5 =g 5 e o e e P A 2 & X @ 22 B S % s R o et 8 X LA & i 2 i H. s 25 A o i y = % ok ik 5 b &3 Tk x> 3 i 3 = LS P N12<524391196 021 LS AR ubTUBINGEN St =5 e iicscamat = —— s — i = _\ . K7 o - s s 50 e i 2 3 e — G g3 % rgvin: DA SRS Mot e . e g e T— o _— ) K THE i FORTY-SECONB REPORT N OF THE | L BASEL GERMAN EVANGELICAL MISSIONARY SOCIETY IN SOUTH-WESTERN INDIA FOR 1881 e T P B e ] MANGALORE i ¥ PRINTED AT THE BASEL MISSION PRESS 1382 6%‘9\§ = & sy I ——~—<~ - § - e o e s v 3 7 e ~g THE FORTY-SECOND REPORT - B OF THE BASEL GERMAN EVANGELICAL MISSIONARY SOCIETY IN SOUTH-WESTERN INDIA FOR 1881 ———I 0¥ ¥ —— MANGALORE PRINTED AT THE BASEL MISSION PRESS 1882 B 2 £A N lw [ 2% ’ ALY & WO\ " | R 4 9 | & unm M rd % \ Y/ >/ -, S ot European Missionaries of the Basel German Evangelical Mission. [The letter (m.) after the names signifies: “married” and theletter (w.) “widower”’. The names of unordained Missionaries are marked by an asterisk.] Date of Native Active Station Name Country Service . E. Diez (m.) Germany 1851 Mangalore 1856 . J. Lauffer (m.) do Manantoddy . 'W. Roth (m.) do 1857 Hubly . L. G. Hanhart (m.) Switzerland 1857 Cannanore . J. F. A. Ménner (m.) Germany 1857 Mangalore . R. Hartmann (m.) Switzerland 1859 Karkal . J. J. Thumm (m.) Germany 1860 Bettigerry . 'W. Stokes (m.) India 1860 Kaity O O 1 S OB W N Germany 1861 do . J. F. Miiller (m.) ot =) . F. Ziegler (m.) do 1862 Dharwar e do 1863 Mangalore . J. B. Graeter (m.) o Th. Digel (m.)* do 1864 do o do 1865 Calicut J. Knobloch (m.) - S. Walter (m.) Switzerland 1865 Chombala 1866 o Th. Walz (m.) Germany Udapy > . Matthissen Russia 1867 Tellicherry 1867 Calicut 3 Th. Elséisser (m.)* Germany & G. Ritter (m.) do 1869 Udapy Mercara o H. Daimelhuber (m.) do 1869 S 'W. Schmolek (m.) do 1869 Chombala o 'W. Sikemeier (m.) Holland 1870 Mangalore v W.P.Schonthal (m.)* | Germany 1870 (Cannanore e . P. Ott (m.) do 1871 Mulky r do 1871 Honore . W, Niibling (m.) 1* Date of Name Native Aclive Station Country Service 25 . C. Hiittinger (m.)* Germany 1871 Mangalore 26 do 1871 Dharwar W.Hasenwandel (m.) 27 G. Wagner (w.) do 1872 Chombala 28 do 1872 J. Hermelink (m.) Kotargiri 29 J. F. Veil (m.) do 1872 Mercara 30 R. Hauri (m.)* Switzerland 1873 Mangalore 31 C. Feuchter* Germany 1873 Calicut 32 J. Layer (m.) do 1873 Mangalore 33 J. Ostermeyer (m.)* do 1873 Calicut 34 G. Grossmann (m.) Switzerland 1874 Guledgud 35 J. Baumann (m.)* do 1874 Mangalore 36 C. Pfleiderer (m.)* Germany 1874 do 37 do 1874 R. Schenkel (m.) Bettigerry 38 J. Veil (m.)* do 1875 Mercara 39 do 1875 W. Liitze (m.) Hubly 40 L. Gengnagel (m.) do 1875 Kundapur 41 do 1875 E. Liebendorfer (m.) Tellicherry 42 J. Frohnmeyer (m.) do 1876 Calicut 43 A. Ruhland (w.) do 1876 Palghaut 44 C. G. Eble (m.) do 1876 Mulky 45 M. Hoch (m.) Switzerland 1876 Mangalore 46 E. G. Halbroek * Germany 1876 47 Calicut : G. Benner (m.)* do 1877 do 48 H. Altenmiiller (m.)¥ do 1878 Mangalo're 49 J. Krapf (m.)* Switzerland 1878 do 50 J. G. Kithnle (m.) 1878 Cohdacal Germany 51 C. D. Warth (m.) do 1878 Guledgud 52 1878 J.Knausenberger (m) | Germany Hubly 53 M. Mieg (m.) do 1878 Tellicherry 54 do 1879 J. Weismann (m.) Cannanore (Chowa) 55, Chr. Keppler do, 1879 Udapy Date of Native Active Station Name Country Service 56 gL YL Jaus Germany 1879 Calicut 1879 do 57 Jul. Fieg* do 58 H. Bachmann Switzerland 1880 Palghaut 59 'W. Dilger Germany 1880 Tellicherry 60 F. Stierlen® do 1880 Cannanore 61 F. Staib do 1881 Mangalore 62 do 1881 Dharwar K, Ernst 63 F. Fischer do 1881 Honore O 1874 now at Mangalore 64 Mrs. A. Ziegler Germany 65 Miss F. Mader do 1881 Mangalore At Home. 66 1839 late of Cannanore J. M. Fritz (m.) Germany 67 A. Bithrer (m.) Switzerland 1842 do Kotargiri 1842 do 68 C. Miiller (m.) Germany Tellicherry 69 J. F. Metz do 1843 do Kaity 70 F. Kittel (m.) do 1853 do Mercara 74 do 1858 do Hubly D4 J. Mack (m.) 7 i Th. Schauffler (m.) do 1860 do (Cannanore 73 do 1869 do Udapy . A. Brasche (m.) 74 . G. Hirner (m.)* do 1871 do Mangalore 75 do 1871 do . J. Welsch (m.) Guledgud 76 . J. Hafner (m.) Switzerland 1871 do Kundapur o N N, 6 Stations & Agents of the Basel German Ev. A. CANARA— Stations and Missionaries Native Pastors Out-Stations a Pastoral 1. Mangalore Out-Stations: Rev. A. Minner Bockapatna; B Educational Bolma; Rev . B. Graeter Jeppu; Rev . E. Diez Catech. Sem. Ravaneshwara ; Hosadurga, Nileshwara. Rev . M. Hoch do & [tin. Rev . J. Layer, Anglo-Vern. Sch. Industrial Rev. W. Sikemeier, Press b Mr. J. Krapf, Book-Depository Mr. Th. Digel, Weaving Establ. Mzr. J. Baumann, 7%4e Works Mr. Ch. Hiittinger Mr. F. Staib Mech.Works J Mercantile Mr. C. Pfleiderer, Gend. Treasurer Mz. R. Hauri M. M. Br. Mzr. H. Altenmiiller ] Mrs. A. Ziegler Miss E. Mader 2. Mulky Rev. P. Ott, Congr. and Orph. Rev. Sebast. Furtado, Out-Stations : Rev. C. Eble, Ouz-Stations. Uchila Ulya, Kadike; Santur, Yellur; Hutyar, Kalatur ; Uchila, Yermala, Mulur; Padur, Perur, Mallar; Munderu, Kodetur, Mission Society in South-~Western India. COORG. Catechists Christian Christian Heathen Schoolmasters Schoolmistresses Schoolmasters ]I Engaged in Fust. Anglo-Vern. Sch.. Farock. Gis’. Sch.: Angilo-Vern. Sch.: & Evang. Work: David Bunyan Hanna Loecklin M. Padmanabha, F.A. Israel Aaron, Bol. Manuel Karkada Brahm. GIs’. Sch.s M. Rangappa Samuel Andrea K. Subba Rao Joel Sona Julia Manakaden J. Bhagyan, Feppn — Rama Rao Faroch.Boys’ Sch.: Tabitha Theodor C. Hermon, Rav. M. Subba Rao Jac. Ammanna Charlotte Minez A.Bangera,Hosad. A. Manjunatha Paul Bangera Infants’ Schood: Dasappa, Hosad. Engaged Paroch. Gis’. Sch.: in Edwuc. Work: Sophia Titus Albert Vartika Chr. Watsa, Caz. S. Lydia Mitra G. Almanda, Nireshvalya Sch.: Girls’ Work-Sch.: A VS, Barnabas Kodot Margaret Soen Gers. Soans, n At Hosadurga: Gabriel Hermon Mark Salis, Mulky A.Putranna, Orpk Lena Jerem., Orpt. Abr. Heri, Kutyar i § Jer. Sundara, Debora Tanye, ., Isr. Elieser, Sanz. J. Karat, Far. Sci N. Suchitta, Faedwur J. Mabenna, Saz¢ J. Vedamuttu, Jos. Joshua, Kuzy Munderu D. Bangeraa, Fad. Sil. Sona, Uckila J. Sona, Aadike Stations and Missionaries Native Pastors Out-Stations 3. Udapy Rev.-G. Ritter, Congr. & Out-Stats Rev. D. Aaron, Udapy Out-Stations: Rev. Th. Walz, Preparandi School Rev. D. Fernandez, Nidambur, Beilur, Gudde Korangradi, Malapu, Rev.C.Keppler, Orph. & T'.Seminary Perala, Badegottu, Rev. Ch. Gojar, Kapettu, Udyavara; Shirwa Shirwa, Bolle, Kattin- Ninjur, Kudi- geri, grama, Palli, Suda; Gudde, Kap, Mandedi; Kattupadi, Koppala; 1 Madambeil, Kurkal, Kalanje; Kalyanapur, Uppur, ;’ Bolmar, Tottam. 4. Karkal Rev. R. Hartmann, Congr. & ltin. Out-Stations: Sanur, Mudar, Nan- dolige, Hekkatka. b 5, Kundapur Rev. L. Gengnagel, Xtinerating 6. Honore Rev. W. Niibling, Congr. & ltiner. Out-Station Rev. F. Fischer, Vernac. Studies Harwar. 7. Mercara Rev. H. Daimelhuber | Congr. & Out-Station Rev. J. F. Veil | Ztinerating Anandapur. Mr. J. Veil, Mercantile M. Branch BI SOUTH- 8. Dharﬁvar Rew;'. F. Ziegler, Congr. & Schools Out-Station: Rev. W. Hasenwandel, ., " Jodhalli. | Rev. K. Ernst, Vernac. Studies ; Christian Christian Heathen Catechists Schoolmasters Schoolmistresses Schoolmasters D. Andrea, Azly. P. Simeon, #r. S Ben. Ponon, Au# B. Joshua, Orgk. T. Furtado, Udy. L. Suchitta, ” B. Ananda, Mad. G. Samapria, , N. Salins, ” Edum)ional X D. Karkada, C. Mabena, #r. S. Shirwa Geo. Peter, ” J. Keiranna, Azz. El. Ananda, Gudde B. Keiranna, Bolmar Obed Sumitra, Ev. work E. Karat, Zn. Sam. Bunyan, /Z/z. Maria Hebri Jer. Sona, ” Isab. Kata B. Sovens, Zzn. Lewis Salins, Jacob Upranna, Faroch. S Cooly-Mission Jos. Aarons, Anandapur MAHRATTA Lot Heri ‘ S. Lokare, 4.J4\S. M. Muchaganna, Ann. Joisi, 4.V, S.| Saty. Venkatarao, } B. Harubal., Orp#. Orpk. | R. Menasinakai, ,, Fo. work Annachari Pete, , D.Uttengi, 4. V.S. G. Karegara, Rudraya Rottim., Vern. S. 2 10 Stations and Missionaries Native Pastors Out-Stations 9. Hubly Rev . W. Roth, Congr. & ltinerating Im Out-Stations : Rev . W. Liitze, Orph. & Teach. Sem. Jon Unakallu, Hebsur. Rev . J. Knausenberger, /inerating Joh 10. Bettigerry Rev - J. J. Thumm, Cozor. ideh. Jar, (Addr. Gadag) Rev Nah Out-Station: . R. Schenkel, /tinerating Shagoti. Sal, 11. Guledgud Rev . G. Grossmann, Orplanage, (Addr. Kaladgi) Sal. Out-Stations: Congr. & Kardenh. LF Halkurgi; Parwoti, Rev . C. D. Warth, Mushtigeri & Sub] Murudi, Padinakatte, Hardenhalli, Korden- ltinerating halli, Sadagundi; Nagarahalli,Asangi Mullur; Mushtigeri. C- MA.IJA_ BA 12. Cannanore Rev. G. Hanhart, Cann.Congr & ltin. Rev. Abr. Mulil, C.&t Out-Stations: Rev. J. Lauffer, Manantoddy Taliparambu N.A Chovva ; Rev. J. Weismann, Chovva Congr. Chircal ; CH Taliparambu ; Mr. W. P. Schonthal ] Weav. Establ. § Manantoddy. Mz. F. Stierlen l MK, A, P, A K BN Rev. P. Chandran 13. Tellicherry Rev. F. Matthissen, gk Schoo? W.p Out-Station: Rev. E. Liebendorfer, £rep. Sch. etc. J' Ta< Anj ercandy.' Rev. M. Mieg, High School etc. I &y Rev. W. Dilger, Nettur & §. Ch L S i 11 Christian Christian Heathen Catechists Schoolmasters Schoolmistresses Schoolmasters Im. Sona, Cong. & D. Punita, 7. Sem Ratni Rudapra, Gurusidh. Halaya, FEv.work etc. Parock. Gis. Sch. Heath. V., Sck. Dev.Shubha Orp/ Jon. Hawala Ananda Bomma , Adav. Munavalli, Joh. Prabhakar J. Mudukawi Tdeqllt: Ve Sch. Sum. Benikagauda Jar. Soans, Congr. Paul Bad., Z.V.S. Bhagyavanti, Bapanni Kapadi, Sal. Jaliki, O»ph. Heath. Vern. Sch. i St o) o BB Nahas. Vira, SZag. Orph. Sal. Bhaskar, /##n. Am. Shilabhadra, Shag. I.Nirmanika,O7p/. Buddh. Havala, Adiviap. Mulgund, Sal. Devada,Xard. I. Furtado, Gzded. Steph. Sagari, Paroch. Gls” Sch. Heath, Vern. Sch. Kordenlhalli Subh. Bhanapur D. Mushtaganna, Orphan Sch. A. Havala, Heath. Vern. Sch. J A BAR C. Stocking, Cozng. S. Elias, Zuar. Sct. M. Peitel, Heath. Vern., Sch. i N. Arukanden, Aqu. Muttu, ” ltinerating D. Gomer, Feath. C. Hutten, Ckovva Vern. Sch. | P. Sneham, Tit. Padiath, Chiv. & Itin. Chovva M.Kudakkal, /Maz.. Al Para, . A. Kattuparambu, 1tin, E. Nambi, 7aéip. ‘: W. Davis, Ziner. P. Hermon, #re. S. | Ruth Mulil Kelen, Prep. Sch. fal v J. Taddai, Congr. S. Sandhi, Orpk. Parock.Gls. Sch. Chatappen, Orphk. J. Kumaren, Azn;. S. Nathan, ” P. Ramen,B.A. 4. S. C. Ram., F.A. ” Educational: N.Hermon, 4. V.'S. ” D. Kanaren, S. Chandran, 2 S. | J- Vedamuttu, V.S, E.Kunya. Nayer ,, i P. Arnon, ” P. Jesudasen, , K. Krishnen, ” B.George, 4njerc. P. Krishnen » K. Bapu Guruk., ,, \ 2% 12 Stations and Missionaries Native Pastors Out-Stations @ 14. Chombala Rev. S. Waltér I (Addr. Mahé) Rev. G. Wagner j Congr. & ltin Out-Stations: Kandappankundu; Rev. W. Schmolk, Orplanage Muvarattu; Mahé. 15. Calicut a. Pastoral Rev. Joseph Jacobi, Out-Stations: Rev. J. Knobloch, Congr., Orpr Coilandy Coilandy ; Rev. J. J. Jaus, » Beypore, Vythery. 5. Elducational Rev.J.Frohnmeyer,High. Sch.etc ¢. Industrial Mzr. C. Feuchter, 7% Works Mr. G. Benner, Carpenter Shop d. Mercantile Mr. Th. Elsidsser Weav. Est. Mr. J. Ostermeyer | Mz. E. Halbrock and !-Mer c. Bran Mr. J. Fieg 16. Codacal Rev. J. G. Kiihnle, Congr. ez. (4dd. Rail. St. Tiroor) Out-Station:: Paraperi; Malapuram, Manchery, Ponnani Nilambur. 17. Palghaut Rev. A. Ruhland Out-Stations: Rev.H.Bachmann Kannani, Kinanur; } Congr. & ltin. Panayur; Karuvapara; Wadakenchery. D ‘NELA- 18. Kaity (4ddr. Rev. Fr. Miiller, Orpk. & Schools Ootacamund) Qut-station: Rev. W. Stokes, Congr. & Iltin. Nerkambe, 19. Kotargiri Rev. J. Hermelink, Congr. etc. I 13 S e R Christian Christian Heathen Catechists Schoolmasters | Schoolmistresses Schoolmastgrs Tim. Kochen, /7Z. C. Appayen, Orpk. | P. Samuel, Shankaren, Maké G. Pirachen, Azn. | Sil. Hanoch, ” Orphanage Steph. Kalott, /7. Mose Ponon, #a 5. | A. Ashirvadam T. Chembankodan J. Pudenwidu, /2. Jona Padiat, /zn. G. Vergese, B. A. B. Kuttakal, U.Shankaren, B.A., High School Orphanage High Sch. Is. Laban, Congr. K. Nayanar, F. A., P. Chittayagam, I. Mackaden, , H. Hoar » A V. Sch. FEv. work eic. Th. Puttenvs, ., Eliza Rein, B. K. Kurupp, » Jac. Heber, Coii. T. Dor, A.V. Sct. Heath. GIs’. Sch. ” K. Shankaren, , T. Parakandy, M. Achat, D. Oli, Coil. Sck. K.R.Nayer,r.A. , Schools M. Kuttikan, Chr. P. Kavil, Zin. Put. Sch. M. R. Nayer, ” M.G.Menon Es. David (Zown) O. Verky, Orpt. ” avalappen, R.Paniker, Vern.S. | J. Vali Orphanage P. Kannen, ” E S Para kandy, 1 Boys® Sch. kl E.Arunajalam,/#/7 | Th. Shankaren, Paroch. Scl. D. Taikandi, » ” A. Chatayappen, J. Zacharias, Orplanage E S. Martin ” e Chamaﬁchery E. Ittirarichan, Ruth Muwattil, Palanikandi Pillay, A V. Sch S 10 Sl A. Velliatingara, Heath. Girls’ S. Wadaken D. Padiat, Far. S Subramanya Pillay C. Kottai, Congr. A W Seh. & ltin Dom. Cabral, , A. Vasisthan, Az Kar. Paniker, C. Arunajalam, A" Ponani Sch. A. Arangadan, /#; P. Kallari, Zzna. B. Ashan, #ad. P. Devadattan, /77 \ GIRI A_ Joh. Philip M. Joseph, O»pa. Ruth Nerkambe, Nandi, 4dkikarial. Orph. Kakkamalla Is. Nerkambe Sal. Beera, Kater: Konga, Zuneri Lingu, Hannikore Shawana Jac. Kanaka, /Zn. | Sal. Soven, O»p4. Rhoda, Orph. Chicka ” ” Jogi S T S Sil. Shanta, Sim. Bala, X 14 ——ms Statistical Summary of the Basel German Evangelical Mission Table I. Agency. Missionaries Native Agents Mission Districts Total Total Ord. Miss Lay Brethren Ord. Pastors Catechists Chr. Sch. Mast Chr. Sch. Mistr Heath. Sch. Mas I. Canara——Coorg Mangalore (establ. 1834) 30 Mulky ( ” 16 1845) Udapy ( ” 1854) ; g I8 Karkal ( ” 1872) Kundapur ( ” 1876) Honore ( » 1845) N NV B WO - Mercara, Anandap. (1870) DO DO = = W DN D WN;—)—-QOI\:: § :‘); I11. South-Mahratta Dharwar 1 (establ. 1837) Hubly ( » 1839) 11 Io " Bettigerry ( 1841) L 1851) N DD W W ™D W W DL W w B~ W Ot w e o T = S ) [ SR = S N IR Guledﬁgud (s III. Malabar 12 Cannanore (establ. 5 14 1841) 13 Tellicherry ( ” 1839) 23 14 ” : I Chombala ( 1849) I5 Calicut ( » 1842) % i:: 30 16 Codacal 1857) I:III 17 Palghaut : " 1858) DD == W W B W ;; S W - Ot Ot @ g 16 IV. Nilagiri 18 18 Kaity (establ. 1846) 2 2 2 2 1 —_— — 1 I9 Kotargiri ( ” 1867) — | E— | p— | Sm—| —| —— | — 1 2 2 1 3 Total |45 17” 63 7 75 . 26 | 45 | 230 | / 15 e on the South-Western Coast of India, 1st January 1882. Table II. Pastoral Department. Heathens baptized in Church Members Mission Districts 1st January 1882 Stations Total Total Out-Stations Church Members 1st January 1881 Adults Children Communicants Non-Commts Children } Catechumens I.Canara—Coorg Mangalore 1238 13 15 747 12 547 1306 217 Mulky 14 740 15 12 R1 324 355 688 43 27 1051 509 25 497 1031 75 Udapy Karkal 46 10 25 25 59 16 11 16 1 Kundapur Honore 73 31 10 32 3 f:i)-. Mercara, Aanand 201 105 14 95 214 I1.S. Mahratta 8 Dharwar 156 J 67 84 152 9 Hubly 316 157 145 306 I0. 397 10 201 1 212 424 20 Bettigerry II. Guledgud QO = DD = 391 18 22 212 5 182 399 26 III. Malabar 12 Cannanore 572 16 320 44 240 604 12 I3 Tellicherry 440 13 209 226 1 436 11 273 15 23 150 283 14 Chombala 180 Calicut g 779 25 30 455 10 387 || 852 29 | 15 172 331 12 16 Codacal 300 10 19 152 0 Z 130 el HCD OG0 ICIN QD) 7(16 66 151 - Palghaut [6 | IV. Nilagire E 18. Kaity 1 71 28 s 147 62 Li: 150 19. Kotargiri | e | 282 Total |89 7337 135| 62 197 3842 189 3026 1 7557 é 16 Statist. Summary ete. Table III. Educational Christian Schools Training Institutions Boardg. Schools || Day-Schools Mission Districts Number o6f Schools Cat. Seminary Teachers’ Sem Prep. Schools Boys Girl Boys Girls | | I. Canara—=CLoorg 1 22 131 145 Mangalore Mulky 67 59 32 e Udapy 23 65 50 36 Karkal Kundapur Honore g OOVt B oW N 16 11 Mercara, Anandap. I[I. South-Mahratta Dharwar 51 Hubly 18 13 12 70 14 13 I0 Bettigerry II Guledgud B B Ot W 52 14 18 IT1. Malabar I2 Cannanore 40 35 13 Tellicherry 10 22 45 20 26 Chombala 51 15 15 14 15 Calicut 10 49 57 90 28 16 Codacal 16 18 it/ Palghaut I ¥V O Nilagiri 18 Kaity 13 15 i I9 Kotargiri Total 26 15 303 460 488 45 ' 239 R A ] 17 1st January 1882. Department. Heathen Schools Total under Instruction Anglo-Vern. Schools Vernacular Schools Christians Heathens | l | Grand Total Christians Heathens Christians Heathens Boys Girls Boys Girls 29 129 269 187 145 323 730 39 59 99 39 197 38 138 39 37 215 — — 11 11 17 12 16 12 12 43 65 67 59 132 196 66 qat 12 66 149 18 41 32 83 41 156 e e e e e 71 66 18 71 156 69 49 38 49 21 187 36 257 20 T4 145 34 312 19 510 48 21 70 48 143 66 259 59 122 140 308 10 580 34 28 68 164 11 205 10 236 51 10 143 17 143 164 65 26 65 929 150 174 1233 981 823 1848 163 3815 = dheport. —_—— OO HE time has come round again for the friends and well-wishers of our Mission to look for the annual ac- @ count of our stewardship. We give this with mixed feelings of thankfulness, that the Lord has helped us through another year and given us proofs of His faithfulness and mercy; with feelings of regret when we look to those, who have gone astray; and with feelings of hope, that the Lord of the vineyard will empower us more and more to fulfil our momentous calling, raise the Native Church to a higher level and cause the heathen to acknowledge Him { as their Lord and Master. Our friends are aware from last year’s Report nthat our revered Principal, the Rew. Otto Schot?, was with us during the first quarter of the year. Although bed-ridden half that time and forced to curtail his inspecting tour, he was most anxious to impress the congregations he could visit and address, with the apostolic ideal of a model Mission Church. In like manner he endeavoured to convey to us, the workmen, Ie his own sympathy as well as that of the Home Committee he and, fully aware how easily the Missionary ideal may fade al th away or be lost sight of in the midst of struggle, he sketched th 19 e e for us the pattern of a healthy spiritual life and reminded us of the goal that the Missionary should ever keep in view. Our beloved Principal has reached head-quarters in safety and has had the satisfaction of testifying to the Churches in different lands that the Lord has crowned the work done by feeble hands with His blessing, and that He will in His own good time bestow upon us greater blessings. When we look back to the rest of the year, we have first of all every reason to thank God for having kept off another famine, which seemed to threaten our different Mission-fields about the middle of the year. There has been a good deal of sickness among our Mis- sionaries, three of whom have died during the course of the year. Although our numbers have been reduced by death, sickness and absence on furlough, direct Mission work has received much attention. The Educational Department offers some very cheering features; but the numerical growth of our Congregations has 1; scarcely risen above the average, and there have been cases of falls and backslidings to damp the joy inspired by even this moderate success. We now proceed to review the work of the past year. ; | THE NATIVE CHURCH. i 1 Converts from Heathenism. d Baptisms. During the past year 135 adults and 62 child- ren, in all 197 persons have been baptized. Of these 102 , belong to Malabar, 53 to South-Canara, 41 to South-Mahratta, 06 and 1 to the Nilagiries. Small as this harvest is, we thank i the Lord reverently for His gift and ask Him to keep all o these souls in His name. 3* B 20 There has been an interesting conversion of a young man, which we have been asked not to notice in detail. A second case is that of N. S. John Babu, nephew of the late Arasappa, founder of the Brahma Samaj, Mangalore. From the letter, in which he informs his friends of his change of religion, we give the following extract: It is not a sudden change wrought by the impulse of a moment or a day. I was a Brahmo for the last 11 years, and I have felt at various times the necessity of a Saviour. As a Brahmo I reverenced But now I am forced to Jesus of Nazareth, as all Brahmos do. choose Him as my Saviour, my Lord and my Guide to eternal sal- vation 0o s o o o o o I hope and I pray that every Brahmo will not only reverence Him, but choose Him, as I have done, as a safe Guide to eternal salvation. We commit thesé young men to the sanctifying influences of the Spirit of God. May they overcome the wicked one, become more and more grounded in the divine truth and grow daily in the love of Jesus Christ, who of God is made unto us wisdom, and righteousness, and sanctification, and re- demption. We proceed to notice in detail some of the more remarkable cases of the baptisms above mentioned. Found at last. Mr. Wagner of Chombala writes: In the afternoon of the 18th September we had the joy to add 16 heathens by baptism to the Church at Chombala. I purpose giving a short sketch of the life of ome of them, well calculated to show through what bye-ways sometimes people find their way into Christ’s flock. Bheirava was born about 1831 as the second son to a well-to-do goldsmith in Ambalapula. He learned something of the Shastras while at school, and was brought up in the zealous worship of Vishnu and Shiva. Through some relations living at Cottayam (a Church Mission Station), who occasionally called at his father’s, he learned that there were Christians there, who worshipped an invisible God. 21 After four of his six children had died, the old father was called to his last account. On his deathbed he called his sons around him and thus addressed them: “Children, my time has come, I must at length yield to fate. I have got some property by dint of energy; ‘Walk in the good keep it together. Stay in your paternal home. old path of our ancestors. Do not go to other countries’. And so he died. After his death Bheirava and his elder brother carried on, as partners, their father’s trade. Bheirava married, but after the demise of his mother in 1863, he, out of sheer wantonness, as he says, left home with his wife and a little girl to lead an unsteady life. After roaming here and there, he at last settled in Calicut. Although he heard now and then the Gospel preached, it had no at- traction for him then. The birth of two boys in 1870 and 1872 seemed to be the harbinger of prosperity; but in 1873 when his wife and shortly after his little girl died, the whole family seemed to be broken up. The father early in the morning, after having boiled his kanjee, set out for work leaving the little boys to themselves, and re- turned only in the evening with some oil, rice, fish and vegetables, to cook which some sticks, dry leaves and other fuel had to be collected. The boys awaited anxiously the return of the father, and after their evening meal retired to rest. This was, so to say, the daily routine. The boys began gradually to go from house to house to beg food to appease their hunger. A certain Mohammedan seeing this, either from compassion or for the sake of making converts, attracted the boys to d his quarters and gave them food, thus, according to Hindoo notions, destroying their caste. Bheirava’s Hindoo neighbours upon this ex- 30 od communicated him and his sons.* Deeply sorry as he was, there was no way to get back into his caste. Whilst he was doubting to whether he should join the Christians, some Mohammedans tried do to convert him and at length he consented to be received into their a5 community. The whole proceeding, and the talismanic Arabic il *The penalty inflicted by such excommunication will not be easily realized il by European readers. The person thus punished is not only excluded from the society of his fellowmen (for if excluded from one caste, he cannot enter an- ed od other), but is scarcely able to exist at all. . 7} words he was made to repeat, did not satisfy him, ~When he ques- tioned the priest whether he might now look forward to pros- perity and better days, he replied: “There cannot be a shadow of doubt. Be a staunch Moslem : repeat the watchword of Mohammedan- ism: give alms; and you shall be happy for ever.” It is with a view to obtain everlasting bliss that I have become Mohammedan” he said; yet he did not like either the new Mohammedan dress or his new name; but comforting himself with the belief, that whatever happens to a man is settled by fate, he tried to bear his lot as cheerfully as possible. His new co-religionists provided him with a wife, who ran away from him after six months. He married again, but lost his new wife within 2 month from an attack of small-pox. He and his children also caught the disease; but by a miracle almost they escaped. On his re- covery he married a third time, but he had to divorce his wife on ac- count of her violent temper and harshness towards his boys. A re- lation of his and his elder brother, who came to settle in Calicut, detested him for his change of religion. “Had you become a Chris- tian”, they said, “our grief would be more bearable’”. Ashamed of himself, he went to try his luck in Ponnany, and afterwards in Tanur, where he married a fourth time; in fact from 1878 to 1880 he was a muach married man, one short and miserable marriage following another. Disgusted he went back to Calicut and, although invited by Christians to embrace Christianity, which would put an end to his peaceless state, he temporized. He left for Wadagara, where he was prostrated by sickness. He was reduced to great extremities, him- self and children being almost dying of hunger. He applied to a Mohammedan for an advance of money, which the latter refused to grant unless Bheirava would sell him his younger boy for two Rupees. This he at last consented to do. The child was taken by its new owner to N. After his recovery Bheirava followed his boy to N. and at last succeeded with much difficulty in recovering possession of him. He went next to Tellicherry, thence to Mahé and at last he put up in Madakara, near Chombala, with the intention of settling down. Here he heard of the death of his only brother. The thought of being the only remaining member of his family, and the reflection i on his outer and inner misery, induced him at last to open his heart to a Christian, whose sympathy greatly moved him. He then re- solved to become a Christian. As his wife objected to follow him, he divorced her and secretly left Madakara for Chombala with his two boys, leaving behind him a few tools that he might not excite the sus- picion of his Mohammedan neighbours. On arriving they presented a very miserable appearance, being half-starved, clothed in rags with haggard faces and deep sunken eyes. They were received on trial ; whilst the father was working at his profession, his boys attended the Parochial School in the mornings and worked in the house during the afternoons. As Bheirava was able to read, he could inquire into the truth for himself and assist his boys when reading Bible stories to him. He was not only regular in his attendance at Chapel, but showed a great desire throughout to understand fully the divine trath, and gave proofs of a new life. Instead of the hollow Mohammedan Shibboleth, he took pleasure in committing to memory the Ten Commandments, the Lord’s Prayer and the Creed; and when called upon on the day of baptism to publicly confess his faith, he in a plain but solemn strain rehearsed the Creed. He has now received an answer to the question made seven years ago to that Mohammedan priest, and can say: “I know in whom I have believed” 1. Tim. i. 12. May he and his children continue to walk in the light and his life demonstrate the propriety of his name Satyamitra (lover of the truth). A brand snatched out of the fire. A4r. Micg of Tellicherry relates the following, illustrating the long time it takes for many a man to learn to obey his conscience and to submit to the will of God. When our Choyi, a lad belonging to the caste of sea-fishermen, attended the Vernacular School in his village, his parents had quite contrary thoughts about a Mission School. The father con- sidered it as the stepping-stone to higher education, provided religious instruction did not make too deep an impression on his boy. The mother, however, was seized with the fear that the gods might send f untoward events on account of this departure from the ways of their Semmee e 24 ancestors, and, to counteract their displeasure, she gave her boy, as often as he went to School, a small copper to buy some flowers to be put on the altar of the gods and to bring holy ashes for her private devotion. At first Choyi carried out his mother’s injunection, but gradually he appropriated part of the money for sweetmeats and brought ashes from anywhere, which were nevertheless received and applied by his mother with great devoutness. After some time Mr. Ch. Miiller gave the Bible lessons himself, when the attendance became more regular, and the boys evinced a greater interest in the Bible. One day he dwelt upon the verse: “For what is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul? or what shall a man give in exchange for his soul ?”’(Matth. xvi. 26), when Choyi and several other boys resolved to become Christians. Choyi had no rest till he confessed to his mother how he had cheated her, but instead of rejoicing, she withdrew him from school, lest he should become imbued with Christian principles. Even the father preferred that his boy should be a common fisher rather than acquire knowledge at the cost of forsaking the gods :; and his caste. At the age of twenty-two he married the daughter ofa man, who had become unfaithful to his Christian calling and relapsed again into heathenism. Although himself estranged, he could not but recommend Christianity to his son-in-law. After some years Choyi’s sister and two children had become Christians. Choyi felt :‘i he ought to take the same step. He resisted, however, his inner con- victions and, to stifle them, became a most devoted worshipper of a th Bhadrakali. After one of those nightly excesses attendant on her service, he became dangerously ill. His father-in-law came from a li neighbouring place and pressed him to believe in Christ, adding la de baptism was not absolutely required, yet he could not do without be- lieving in Christ, the Lamb of God, whereby he would become justified and partaker of everlasting bliss. Choyi called in his distress on the Lord and vowed that if he should recover, he would openly embrace tis Christianity. He had himself carried to the house of his sister, where A the Missionary exhorted him not to delay his conversion. He de- tOp ferred partly out of regard for his wife, who threatened to forsake Uml 25 Ll o He went back to his house. After him along with her children. some time he had a serious relapse. He knew this was the chastise- ment for his broken vow and had himself carried again to his Chris- tian sister. This time he asked for instruction to be baptized, and although his wife deserted him with the children, he kept his purpose and was baptized on the 2nd of September 1881, receiving the name of Andrew, in the very school in which many years ago he had had his first convictions. Of his peaceful end 7. Matthissen further reports: The day of the baptism of this man was a new appeal to his caste-men. When they looked at the broken-down man and heard the stirring addresses, it was a solemn warning to them not to delay; and when they beheld the peaceful face of their old comrade, it was an exhortation to take upon them the gentle yoke of Jesus without fear and misgiving. As far as Andrew was concerned, it was indeed I} high time to be baptized. He did not live to see many more days; but he grew in grace. The more his pains increased, the more solid became his peace, and the nearer his death drew, the greater be- On the evening came his joy and his desire to be with the Lord. d before his death we visited him and were much pleased at finding ot He smiled at us and said: “All is him in the enjoyment of peace. 8 well, thank God; the Lord provides; His grace is sufficient for me.” 1t Many of his heathen caste-men were witnesses of his last struggles, and by comparing the death of a Christian with that of a Heathen of they had a fitting opportunity of finding out the reality of eternal er When we accompanied him to his life through faith in Christ Jesus. 1 4 last rest, the whole village was astir to testify its respect to the 0§ departed. )0 A narrow escape. My. Licbendorfer in Tellicherry says: el he Another fisherman Chikképpan received shortly afterwards bap- tism in Anjercandy. ‘When a boy he attended one of our Schools. 40 o16 About 30 years ago the late M7. febick stirred him up. He began to pray in secret and, as his walk was exemplary, he was a welcome de umpire in cases of dispute. He even ventured now and then to ake 4 e T 96 attend Divine Service, but he had not the'(‘;oui‘age to go farther, being afraid of his parents, relations and, most of all, his wife. M)‘. Ol Miiller, shortly before embarking for Europe, pressed him to decide; and so did our Principal, the Rev. O. Schott. Some months later when a relation of his, the above Andrew, was baptized and the undecided were urged not to hold any longer between two opinions, then Chikképpan with two like-minded friends, conscious that he dared not delay any longer but too timid to stand the different attempts to shake his resolution, set out for Cannanore to be baptized there. The party had scarcely reached Cannanore when they were overtaken by persons sent to forcibly bring them back. His com- panions became entrapped; he, however, escaped to Anjercandy and from there sent a letter imploring that he might be baptized before his pursuers should overtake him. When he returned after baptism to his house, he was received with great abuse. His children shunned him, and his wife refused to acknowledge him any longer as her husband. Nay inorder to show him that she was in earnest, she left the place for Calicut accompanied by her children. May the Lord uphold the sorely tried man that he may not become weak but fight the good fight of faith, and overcome. We have seen many temporizers, who instead of learning a lesson from others, who delayed the decisive step till it was “too late”, and who instead of taking a timely warning to E declare themselves for Christ, flatter themselves that their i upright intentions entitle them to special forbearance on God’s f] part, so that they may join the people of God whenever it suits D their own convenience,. Let such persons take a warning I from the foregoing cases and consider the weight of the words: f €) “To-day if you will hear His voice, harden not your heart”. Catechumens. The present number of Catechumens is 282, 0of being somewhat below the usual average. 4 1 Various are the ways 1 whick they have been led to seck Sor admussion into the Christian Church. hi . ha} 21 R Froxﬁ fear of Demons. South of Udapy, as Mr. Ritter reports, a family has joined us, who for years were exceedingly zealous in serving Demons (Bhitas). They had in the yard of their dwell- ing several small fanes filled with brazen idols, and in the neigh- bouring grove an image of an ogre, eight feet high, a life-size bull, several snake-stones and other marks of devotion. Even the inhabi- tants of their village did homage and brought sacrifices to the demo- niac host. In spite of all this the Demons were not reconciled— nay it seemed that the more sacrifices this family brought the more the Bhitas were venting their spite and malice by sending them sick- ness and death. Thoroughly exhausted and terrified, lest the Bhatas should utterly ruin them, they have taken refuge with us for the pre- Nohe? sent. They cling with a certain superstitious anxiety to us, thinking to be thus best guarded against the revenge of the evil spirits. No e wonder, when in certain localities of ChristianEurope, the fear of ghosts Where faith and saperstition has such a hold on people’s minds. are so interwoven, time is required to try the sincerity of the new- comers. May they learn to look away from men to Jesus Christ, who delivers those, who through fear of death have been all their b life-time subject to bondage. Taught by a leper. Mr. Knobloch informs us, that two of the g Calicut Catechumens are inmates of the lazaretto for lepers. These i) t0 poorest of the poor evidence a great longing after salvation. To plant this into their hearts God has made use of a leprous Canarese Chris- i tian from Mangalore. This man is an old patient of the Leper Hos- 's He used to pital and kept up some intercourse with our Christians. 1t read and translate his Canarese New Testament regularly to his ng fellow-sufferers, and towards the end of the year two Malayalis I expressed their wish to become Christians. Through the kindness ti of the Doctor in charge of the Hospital, permission has been 84 granted them to attend Church regularly and to receive baptismal instruction. From time to time the leper guru in company of lcbk his two disciples comes to our porch. It is then touching to see their happy faces. May he find imitators. 4% 28 A disappointed enquirer. Mr. Weismann in Chovva relates the case of a young Tiyan, who had joined him saying: “I wish from my heart to know and to adore the true God.” When the step he had taken became known, a number of his caste-men came to our place to talk him over. “I have not become your enemy’ he replied, “I do not believe in our Demons and idols. There is only one true God, whom I long to know and to serve. If I believe in Jesus Christ, whom the Christians know and to whom they pray, my soul shall attain bliss, when I die.” Shortly after his mother came in great excitement, tearing her hair and beating her breast, exclaiming: “Oh my son, my youngest son, my dear one, do you intend to be the death of your mother?’” He bravely answered: “I shall always be a dutiful son to you; half my earnings shall be yours, as long as you live. Do not, however, ex- pect me to go back to the worship of Bhitas. I have done with sacrificing to blind and dumb idols. Join me and we both shall be happy together.” Two days afterwards, when all the adults of our settlement had h left either for the Weaving Establishment in Cannanore or for other work and nobody suspected violence, whilst on his way to School he W was waylaid and carried off by a band of men. Although he and the School-children raised their voices erying for help, no Christians 1] were near enough to come to the rescue. He has thus disappeared &) most mysteriously; we have not the slightest clue as to bis where- § abouts. May God keep the poor man from every thing hurtful to W b(?dy and soul and help him to confess Christ some day or other. €y 2. Outer and inner Growth. Increase. I} Last year 197 heathens were converted, 287 thy Christian children baptized, and 32 persons restored to full for church-membership, making in all an increase of 516 souls. 1 Against this increase of number stand the following losses: 21 persons left for districts beyond our control, 137 died, and i | 29 | e 138 were excommunicated, making a total of .296, so that the net increase amounts to only 220 souls*. Reduction. Looking at the preceding figures, the mind is painfully impressed with the decrease in numbers, we suffered last year from excommunications, being nearly 2 per cent. We comprehend under this head a most trying loss of a twofold nature. The one means exclusion from church- membership by the Presbyters on account of grave moral offences, the other comprises self-exclusion from the Christian Church by repudiation of Christianity and relapse into heathenism. Fully a half of the excommunicated belong to this class. Painful as both these cases are, the first one is generally of a more hopeful nature. The latter kind being often the outcome of long meditation and deliberate harden- ing of heart, has mostly very little promising reform. Relapses into heathenism have occurred in the South- Mahratta and Tulu countries. Messrs. Ziegler from Dharwar )8 and Grossmann from Guledgud, report each of two families, 17 who had come during the famine and sought for re-admission d into their respective castes. They were however refused, it and form now a caste of their own! Regretted as their ol secession is, they have not fulfilled the expectations which were entertained of them since their baptism. Sadder how- {0 ever are the cases reported from the Tulu country. My. Oft of Mulky writes: have been re-admitted into their former caste. Two families They pretended that, owing to their poverty they were unable to get i8| their daughters married, but now heathen husbands having been found, the burden has been taken off their shoulders. The true all reason is, however, their dislike to work and our refusing gratuitous 115 *Of our 19 Stations 2 remained stationary, 5 had a décrease of 90, and 12 05 llld an increase of 310 souls, the net increase amounting thus to 220, 30 e . support to idle persons. As such examples are catching, some base characters, thinking we had become pliable and intimidated by such secessions, threatened to re-embrace heathenism, unless we come to their rescue with a bag of money! We have placed them under discipline. They will soon learn that Christianity is not going a begging for true followers, and as for us, we know that Christ hath said: “No man can come to me, except the Father, which hath sent me, draw him.” John vi. 44. Mr. Ritter in Udapy reports: Two families, whom we have tried hard for 8 years to lead to Christ, and a family, who 5 years ago had been baptized without suf- ficient trial, have backslided into heathenism. Most distressing, however, is the case of a man, who left his wife, his nine children and other Christian relations. He had been married according to the Christian rite 25 years ago, but, goaded on by a strange infatua- tion, he had himself re-admitted into his former caste and was married i the same day to a heathen girl. We deeply deplore these heavy falls. May God grant the fallen grace to arise and return to their fa Father with a penitent heart. t Besetting sins. These differ according to nationality, cha- W Ct‘ racter, former surroundings, education and other reasons. al The difficulty, some experience in understanding the failings of our native brethren, is greatly due to their not taking (0 sufficiently into account these factors, and whenever the short- be comings of some are generalized, it is either done under un- favourable impressions of the moment or from a too limited Dla intercourse with Native Christians. In saying this, we do Na not wish to extenuate sin; we try to set it in the proper the light. S0y Whosoever knows a little of the religious belief of the lng Dravidians soon finds out, that demonolatry conjointly with by sorcery is the chief moving power, the Brahminical religion the yielding only the outward gloss to that system. We have the Py B 31 sorrowful duty to record several cases of sorcery in our Malabar and Tulu Churches. All these refer to sickness. Either the astrologer was called to use his spells and charms, or a medicine prepared under incantations was administered. More alarming still is the case of a sick young married woman, who was carried at night to the house of a heathen, where a sacrifice was brought to the Demons. The most distressing occurrence is the one, where the only son of an old Christian The father called for an astrologer to enquire family took ill. into the cause, and on learning, that it was owing to the ill- will of his Christian neighbour, he informed the Missionary 3 of 1it. Although he, conjointly with the Presbytery, did his 1l best to dissuade him from resorting to counter-charms and {0 offered to pray with him, the whole family left one day at midnight to perform certain sacrifices and ceremonies before od (Y the idol of a Demon, and on being reproved, the head of the family contended that nothing foreign to the spirit of Chris- ) tianity had taken place. When such cases come to our notice we are forcibly reminded of Paul’s word to the Corinthians: | “What fellowship hath righteousness with unrighteousness? 1§ and what communion hath light with darkness? and what )08 concord hath Christ with Belial? or what part hath he that g believeth with an infidel ?” (. Cor. vi. 14, 15.) i Native tom-tom, singing, theatricals and different kinds of un: plays form such a large component of the pastime of heathen ted Natives that Christians find it now and then hard to withstand do the temptation of joining in. At one of our Canarese Stations )pef some matrons with their daughters and daughters-in-law went in a party to spend a night at a Native Theatre. The na- the ture of these plays, the time when they are performed, and \\’iﬂl the surroundings are in themselves highly objectionable. The g100 prime movers had not ‘only momentarily forgotten their for- e 32 R, mer experience, but also that they had “renounced the devil and all his works and the vain pomp and glory of the world.” Of Christians seeking diversion at a /eathen festival, Mr. Thumm writes as follows: A famous Swami of the Lingaites, called Kare Basava (the black bull), who had been living in a cloister (Matha) between Gadag and Bettigerry, died suddenly last April. The Lingaites, to mark the esteem in which they held him, celebrated a pompous feast (jatre) the following month during three days by the dragging of an idol- § car, music, wrestling and other pastimes. There was a large concourse of people, to whom we were preaching morning and evening. When the feast was over, I learned to my 0 great grief, that many of our Christians did not withstand the tempta- h tion of mixing freely with the crowd and diverting themselves in the 1§ exhibition of idolatrous practices. Foreseeing the temptation coming 8 on, I had taken special pains on some of the previous Sundays to sk shew our Christians the incompatibility of Christianity with heathen I\ ceremonies. I felt therefore much cut up at their responding so 4\ little to my appeal and at their encouraging the heathen, whom we Wa had exhorted to bid farewell to their sinful ways. ‘When Sunday came round, to shew the guilty party how deeply affected I felt through their disobedience and how impossible it was to serve two the masters, I waited to officiate in .. Church till they had expressed gte their wish for divine service. When they had understood that going ext to a heathen feast for their pastime and attending Church for their e edification are diametrically opposed to each other, and sent a depu- One tation asking me to conduct the service, I repaired to Church. I first lllg read and then shortly explained Rev. iii. 14-18; 1.Cor. v. 6-8; x. 19-23; 1. Cor. vi. 14-18; xi. 2, 3, and Hebr. xiii. 7 I then 1 asked whether any body wished to speak. Jared, the Catechist, res- I a) ponded by reading Joshua xxiv. 13-28, when one of the men, who h()m. had not been at the feast, in behalf of the transgressors, expressed he ld their sorrow at their having grieved God and me, desiring pardon theyy Hou\ and promising not to love the world nor t}%at which is of the world, g —_— 33 but to follow the Lord ‘We then knelt down together and humbled ourselves before the face of Almighty God, asking Him to pardon our sins and to receive us again into His fellowship. Three more prayers of humiliation were offered I concluded the meeting with a short exhortation The Lord was mightily in our midst May He keep us all to follow His footsteps After the foregoing digression, our readers may well ask whether we have any real good to show in our 50 larger and smaller Congregations with their 7557 full Church-members Religious Life Conscious that the word of the Lord unto Samuel 8 «“the Lord seeth not as man seeth: for man looketh on the outward appearance, but the Lord looketh on the \ heart” 1. Sam. xvi. 7, finds its full application when an attempt we e is made to characterize the religious life of thousands g submit but reluctantly to the duty incumbent on us of fo sketching some of the results of the Gospel of Jesus Christ en And indeed we are thankful that we can report, that God has 80 given the increase of that which has been planted and We watered by our Brethren. lay Many a soul has passed from death unto life and esteems felt {10 the Word of God as his highest treasure, and prayer as his greatest privilege Of these it can be said to a certain )Sed ing extent, that “the word of Christ dwells richly with them, (and jieit we hope also in all wisdom), and that they teach and admonish one another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, sing- p\l ﬁrﬂt ing with grace in their hearts to the Lord” (Col. iii. 16), be it or in the 633 in their family morning and evening devotions fhed prayer-meetings which by turns are held at their different 108 homes The esteem, in which the Word of God and prayer are ho held in their private lives, is also seen in the regularity of essed their attendance and their earnestness at public worship. The ardﬂn House of God is amiable to them; they listen to the preaching Wolld 5 34 of the Word, not in that common-place manner to be found in an average Native, but full of interest, so that the preacher feels that his message is well received, and they join heartily also in the prayers and hymns of the service. The spirit of caste will now and then lift up its head, especially when large numbers from outside are added to the Church. It is then that the new-comers have to be taught, according to Matthew xv. 12-20, what defileth, and old Chris- tians, in accordance with Rom. 14, have to be exhorted to forbear with the weak brother. But on the whole we are glad to see how brotherly love is on the increase, which shows itself in visiting the sick, gratuitous night-watches in cases of severe sickness, and in other acts of charity. Instead of the spirit of caste, that of fellowship in the Church of Christ gains ;: ground gradually. They also know it is their duty to bring the Gospel to their heathen neighbours and acquaintances or { any other person whom they may come across. Small though the number of such fellow-workers may be, we know that I the conversion of many a heathen dates back to the favorable influence exercised on them by simple yet warm-hearted men and women. They may perhaps be wanting in skill, but some § are more than mere apologists; they know in whom they have I | believed, and therefore they speak out of love for their Heavenly i Master. ) Before quitting this subject we ought to notice a cheering (ol occurrence in one of our small Canarese churches, reported 81 by Mr. Thumm. He says: i The tender crops, which had been sown later this year, were in o danger of being destroyed through the long drought that had set in, when our Christians united in Chapel in order to entreat the Lord UF earnestly for a sign of His favour in granting them rain. Some hea- P; thens also had joined them. When they went to prayer the sky was 8¢ 35 S L bright and clear. On leaving Chapel they found a fog had settled on the land and a fine drizzling rain was falling fast. They were taken aback and rejoiced heartily at the token of merey, the Lord had vouchsafed them. Some heathens, seeing the prosperous fields, were greatly surprised; but when they learned that it was in answer to prayer of the Christians, they replied: “We always bore a grudge to the Missionaries and the Christians: now only do wg see that the village was benefited by them.” Moral Life. If all, who stand in our Baptismal Registers were living Christians, the word of Paul, 11. Cor. 1ii. 2-3: «“Ye are ! our epistle written in our hearts, known and read of all men; forasmuch as ye are manifestly declared to be the epistle of Christ ministered by us, written not with ink, but with the i Spirit of the living God”—might be said of them also in full 1> truth. In spite of many shortcomings we may say without 5 exaggeration, that the moral standard our Christians have ! attained is gradually rising. I When a person knows that he is washed in the precious ab blood of Christ and has become a child of God, the self-esteem e which prevents him from descending to a lower level, has been gl acquired and, assisted by the Spirit of God, he will keep him- no gelf unspotted from the world. We have had many an op- (g portunity of seeing how our people exercise a sort of healthy 1]) discipline among themselves and assist to a great measure the Ministers. When, for instance, Presbyters or Elders are to be i chosen their moral character is taken more and more into con- ed sideration, or when a brother walks disorderly and a prayer- meeting is to be held at his house, there are those, who object to such a dovetailing of unprincipledness and religion. y 11 We know of an instance where two women, who had kept ‘, iy up a long standing feud in spite of the exhortations of their xOrd Pastor, have become reconciled, and when one of them took 164 was sick, her former antagonist came to attend upon her. 5¥ 36 —_— In another place a weaver, who, whilst a heathen, was the terror of his village, has been so far reformed by Divine grace that even his former caste-men must confess that some- thing new has been wrought in him. He is willing rather to suffer loss than impose upon his customers. (1 In the Iqorals of the married life there is a marked f progress. The Gospel in combination with Christian education i raises the woman both in the eyes of her own and that of the 0 sterner sex. A woman among Christians is becoming less and h less regarded as a mere commodity to be disposed of according a to the whims and freaks of parents and relations; her inclin- 1 Wi ations are consulted, and so are those of the young man. Thus much misery is avoided. True esteem, affection and matri- it monial fidelity adorn most homes; and it is a pleasure to see the reflex of this happiness in the rising generation. Only a th parent striving after moral perfection and amenable to correc- pe tion, has also the courage to submit his child to discipline. 861 Such children are regular attendants at School and at the ch House of God, and are generally well behaved. Thriftiness. Many of our Christians, who when they came 0y over from heathenism to join us, had left behind them every fur thing either from too great a liberality or from necessity, or g who had otherwise come destitute, or, being orphans, had to age forego, their wholelifetime, the privilege of enjoying the family- Par circle—formerly gave us a good deal of pain, as they lived Sch regardless of the past and future. This recklessness was an 81d¢ enemy, against which our Missionaries waged a long war, By our Industrial Establishments bearing their honest share; and Wit} now we are glad to see our exertions rewarded by degrees 1§ f and to find that with all the more solid persons a certain O thriftiness is gaining ground, the lowest aspiration consisting thej in acquiring a house of their own. Our Principal in address- Chy 37 —— ing different Congregations dwelt especially on this point. We have before us the short resumé of his address delivered in a very enfeebled state of body at Chombala, given by Myr. Walter. He said: The Home Committee were most anxious that the Christians collected by the exertion of the Missionaries, they had sent, and by the Native labourers, they have employed, should learn more and more how necessary it was for them to earn their bread independent of the Mission, and how the heads of families should try to get a | house and property and to make provision for their own kith and kin The healthiness of a Christiun’s d according to the Word of God. inner life depends more on this provident mind than people generally B will allow. The spiritual life is only healthy and normal where the material life is most independent of external proppings. 29 Charity. The different Congregations subscribe towards the support of the poor in their midst. The charity is dis- pensed by the Presbyteries under the Superintendence of the several Pastors. Also the most pressing wants of poor Cate- he chumens are relieved by the Church. Contributions. The contributions are either for zmzner or outer Mission Work. The former go to the respective Church- ne \ry funds, the latter are made over to the General Fund of the Mission. The different Church-funds again, according to the or age, size and abilities of a Congregation, are made to bear t0 part of the burden incurred in connection with Churches and Iy Schools. This contribution is yearly increased with due con- ol sideration of all the circumstances. So that, whereas some an ary Evangelical Missionary Societies put down a number of years within which the monetary assistance of the Parent Society nd is to cease, reducing the grant year by year, we work in the 065 ol opposite direction by causing the Congregations to increase their contributions, without, however, fixing the time when a 10§ Church #ust provide for its ecclesiastical and educational 088 e 38 wants, as we are afraid to force on development, hoping by God’s help to reach the desixfed goal in due time nevertheless. Self-activity. As it is necessary for a Church to be self-sup- porting, equally so is self-activity necessary for its real pros- perity. The mother to Missionary zeal is that brotherly love which shows itself in sympathy and acts of charity. About the Church-members we have spoken before. What concerns our Native Elders, we are thankful to say, many of them take the Presbyters of the Apostolic Church for an example. Although mostly hard worked, and with large families, which demand their attention, they cheerfully serve the Church by devoting to it their time and strength. They assist the Pastors as almo- t ners, peace-makers and sympathising friends of the sick, L widows and orphans. Furthermore our Congregations are taught the important lesson that they must accustom them- N selves to have their spiritual wants supplied more and more T by our Native Assistants. Where there are no Native Pastors, fe the Catechists are required to conduct Divine Service, to give 1 spiritual advice, to relieve the poor, and to do other duties li usually falling to the lot of the Pastor. On this point we let some of our Missionaries speak for themselves. 4r. Grossmann i ) thy in Guledgud writes: hil The relation between us and those committed to our charge is confidential. lay They bring all their concerns before the Missionary, lig mostly, I am sorry to say, referring to material wants, ‘We have n accustomed them to apply to the Catechist and the Elders and, only in case of need, to the Missionary. Thus much time is saved and ean lip it be employed in weightier matters. the Mr. Knobloch of Calicut reports: m]d My Native helper has assisted me in instructing the Catechumens, lot visiting the sick, preaching to the Congregation and especially also in dispensing alms to the poor of the Congregation. He has had to Cong ST e 39 do his duty through good and evil report, and has been sometimes tempted to lose heart in the worry, but has found that perseverance secures the victory. And as we know that power increases through exercise, we shall put each successive year more and more of the necessary burden on the shoulders of our Native helpers and thus approximate'to our final aim of producing a self-dependent Native Church. 6 3. New Undertakings. h We have still to say a few words on two or three points d touched upon in our last report. 1 The Wynaad Mission. /7. Lawffer, whose having been sta- 0 tioned to Manantoddy was mentioned in page 42, has held regu- k, lar English and Vernacular Services when at head-quarters, \16 and during his preaching tours looked up the Evangelical Native Christians, who live dispersed throughout Wynaad. JY The better part of these are thankful for the ministry and 18 feel themselves to be a community. Those, however, who 176 impatient of control, have come for the enjoyment of more 168 liberty, shun and avoid the Missionary. When we look to the Jet spiritual good accruing to the Christian and Heathen Natives i through a Mission, every one must heartily hope for the sta- bility of the work. Our Home Committee, looking at the o large tract of country in Malabar, which is still to be evange- lized, have, though reluctantly, placed a Malayalam Missionary aLYs have in charge. They are willing to provide for the Missionary ool himself, but expect the extra expenses attending on a Wynaad ] cal Mission to be borne by the Europeans in those regions. As the contributions for this purpose have hitherto been very small, the question must at length arise whether they are menS, not to withdraw their agent. Chapel in Padur. This Chapel has been finished and was 7 glso ad f0 consecrated to the service of God on the 29th of May. We — e 40 desire to tender herewith our heartiest thanks to all who have assisted us in accomplishing this work Out-Station Karwar The chronic unsatisfactory state, i which our Principal found the little flock at Karwar, has ne- cessitated the withdrawal of the resident agent The place 1s, however, visited from time to time by one of the Honore Missionaries “The Lord knoweth them that are His, and let every one that nameth the name of Christ depart from iniquity” (1. Tim. ii. 19) is our exhortation to this small community. 11 EVANGELIZATION There has been much fever among the European and Native { labourers in the South-Mahratta country, and the staff of I Europeans has been reduced during the year by 5 Ordained and 2 Industrial Missionaries On the other hand we had an ) W access of 6 Native helpers i In spite of the disadvantages mentioned above every nerve has been strained to save as much time as possible for and to devote it to, direct preaching to the heathen Much la] has been done either at head-quartérs or when Out-Stations were visited by our Missionaries, Pastors and Catechists to Sey, make known the Gospel, be it by Bazaar-preaching at stated ‘S (ua days and hours, or friendly house-to-house visits, which we have not attempted to tabulate. chig With To give, however, a slight idea of what has been done, the following list will best speak for itself. Comparing the sum total with that of the past year, there taxt genf are for Missionaries 110 days less but for Native Itinerating Preachers and Catechists 504 more, making in round numbers Steeg Iy 400 days more Qeek e 41 Missionaries Native Itiner. Catechists Total (days) Preachers (days) (days) South-Canara 185 634 819 North-Canara 310 341 151 802 Coorg 95 93 13 201 South-Mahratta 206 348 554 Malabar 352 373 2456 3181 Nilagiris e 131 132 s e 263 1249 807 3734 5820 North- and South-Canara have had about 100, Coorg some 50, South-Mahratta about 40, and Malabar 220 days more than last year. The Nilagiris only have had a less share of itinerating preaching than in former years; the number of days this year being 25 fewer than last. This is not said to f lead to odious comparisons, but to stimulate all to a healthy d prosecution of this important branch of Mission work. We il will now give our friends some extracts from the Diaries and Reports of our Missionaries, and begin with the Iy Nilagiris. Extract from the Diary of Afr. Stokes whilst Ly labouring near Nerkambe with two Native helpers. o In Ketithore we came across a Badaga, who had served under i several Christian gentlemen and received many good impressions. to “Sir”, he said, when I spoke to him, “the bottle is as it were three ed quarters full; only a little more is wanting.” I am afraid just the e chief thing, a broken heart and a contrite spirit is wanting in him as with so many of his class. the Near Hullikall is a pretty large newly built village, the inhabi- tants of which had been living formerly in Karkawade, where a gentleman owns a large coffee- and tea-plantation. Several of them, 1616 ng greedy of money, had sold their lands, so that at last the whole com- munity, for want of grazing grounds, were forced to sell the rest and ot seek for a new settlement. Their temple, the fane of Rangaswami, 6 PR 42 is still in its old spot quite neglected. Pointing to it one of our hearers remarked “l am unable to make out that our God did not prevent our lands from passing into the hands of the Europeans; if so, his temple would be still well attended.” In Denele, which looks down upon our Nerkambe Chapel, an old man told me, he was making daily obeisance in the morning towards the little Chapel. Oh, that he would listen to our invitation to come and worship the true God in it! ‘We went to the harvest-feast in Kartur, which has a Mahilinga temple This is said to have been built in a place, where a cow f let drop her milk of her own accord, a story which is told about all p1 the other Mahalinga temples on the Hills The unconcernedness of Vi the people, their blind zeal in falling down at the doors of two small fa temples, where they pay their vows and make new ones, and the airs which the Kurumba priest assumed—all this roused sad feelings in us T ‘When we came to “Woodlands”, a coffee-plantation 10 miles th Or South of Kaity, we were kindly received and had the pleasure of thy addressing the Coolies there and at several other plantations morn- ings or evenings Two Lord’s days Divine Service was celebrated I‘el fag The former party in the Thuneri district, is described by an Catechist 7. Nerkamb: We went to Kapichi A woman overhearing our address, fell in and said ang ‘If any of our dead ancestors would come back and tell us about the other world, we should believe.”” We related the parable of Dives and Lazarus., and she was convinced When I told the $pol small party, I was addressing, how I had been worshipping formerly tong a Linga, and S¢las, the Evangelist, alluded to his having parted with fith his Brahminical string, they said: “These men have been formerly age idolaters as we now are; they have seen the folly of their ways and only hit on a new track,” and seemed to doubt about their idolatrous ways Comy In Bengallu a young man, after having listened attentively to Prop our address, came privately to me and enquired whether all, who to t} “Cer- embrace Christianity, are in the receipt of a salary (sambala) he'j 43 SR tainly not, only those engaged by the Mission, receive monthly sala- ries; the others are tilling the ground as you do, or attend to any other work. We have not become Christians in order to get a salary, but to obtain salvation.” “But say a poor man joins you!” “Has he not got two legs and two arms?”’ ¢ Well, yes, he can do work ; but he 8 may be deeply involved in debt.”” “Let him come and as a Christian 6 do what is in his power to pay off his debts. God will not forsake such a man.””—When we reached Murto a woman asked greatly con- i) cerned, whether in the world to come there is a Nadu (country) similar W to the one she now inhabits. The same question has been asked re- ll peatedly in all earnestness, especially by women. We afterwards of visited a Kota village, where a woman, on hearing the name of my ll father, lamented over my having lost caste. 1§ In Kunnoor we explained to some people the picture of the flood. 128 The headman, one of the party, told us, there was a legend among them, that it once rained blood, and then the world was immersed. Jes Only two human beings were saved in a hollow gourd. God seeing of them, asked them: “Who are you?”’ “We are brother and sister,” they 11 replied; then God bade them separate without looking into each other’s ed face. They did so, when God changed them and made them husband and wife. ) From these two men the whole human race has sprung. Descending next into Wynaad, let us accompany Ar. Lawjfer, and hear what he has to tell us: | in ] us When we leave Manantoddy, in which different languages are ghle spoken, and visit the valleys or the jungle, we find Malayalam is the e tongue of the resident Natives. On the Coffee-Estates, however, jerly either Malayalam or Canarese or Tamil may be the dominant langu- W ith age Besides Nayas, Tiyas, Mapillas and other castes, which have netly only settled down of late, there are Nayas, whose ancestors have s gl come long ago. They claim much of the country as their freehold “ra}'Sn property (janma) and the inhabitants as their dependents. Next to them rank the Kurichiyas, a manly race with exemplary morals. ,l\ {0 7 o Then follow the Mullakurumbas, where the males resemble more (fer The Kurumbas, the Tiyas, and the females those of lower castes. 6* 44 e who may be placed next, look frail and are considered servants to all Lower than these stands a slave-caste, the Paniyas, a weak, timid, ignorant and thievish race. At the bottom of the ladder we find the Adiyas, a most ignorant caste of slaves, as their name bespeaks. I have made excursions as far as Sultan’s battery, Veithiri, Mepadt, Tirunelli and other places, visiting on my way thither all the inter- mediate villages, when I tried to stir up lukewarm Christians and to reach the hearts of heathens. I have seen different castes in different places. The attention, nay even surprise with which the Gospel was listened to, amply repaid me and my companion for all our exer- tions. Once, whilst it rained heavily, we reached a clearing in the f jungle, where the Mullakurumbas had a settlement. They prepared a place for me to sit on, some twenty men collected round me, the I related to them the life of women standing at some distance. Christ, beginning with his miraculous birth. They were all ear. I When talked for one hour, and the Catechist fully half an hour. i they were told that God’s will was written in a book, that we had fs the whole revelation of God, that it was translated into Malaya- I lam, and that a whole Bible cost but one Rupee, one of them brought 8 a Rupee and laid it together with a Malayalam Bible into my hands, 10 asking me to ratify the bargain. I took the Rupee and handed him the Bible solemnly, with the hearty wish that it may be a light (U1 leading him and his companions to God and to the bliss wrought out g by Jesus Christ. In another place a purblind Kurichiya seemed ¢h; so overjoyed at the word he heard, thathe refused to accept payment Sp( for a fowl I had asked from him for my dinner. (o Up here there is a glorious work to be done. ‘Whoso will under- the take it, must give farewell to comfort, and seek for the lost in the oug sultry valleys, the poisonous jungles and steaming morasses, and his exertions shall be repaid. Iy Leaving North-Wynaad we have to ascend into: Suh) () 1 Coorg. Mr. Datmelhuber reports: Wy, We went to Ponampete, 13 miles South-East of Virarajéendrapet, In 45 — where I was glad to get a small but comfortable place to put up at for a few days. ‘We preached in the bazaar. ‘When we had done, different objections had to be answered. Looking out for some 0 Coorg houses, I found a few about 2 or 3 miles from here. They are so far apart, that we cannot visit many of them in one day. He was very hospitable, h 'We called upon an old well-to-do Coorg. but entirely unfavourable to the Christian religion: “Till now,”’ t0 he began, “the Coorgs have been faithfully observing the precepts i of their ancestors, and they intend doing so in fature also. In fact, no as respectable Coorg can meditate the step of embracing Christianity.” It is acknowledged, that we spread “good ideas,” inculcate good T he principles, resist injustice and are bent to raise the people. Beyond ol this acknowledgment few go. the Next we went to Udikery. This is neither a village nor a of bazaar; two Cutcheries, a Government School, and the houses of some officials in the midst of the jungle is all you find to answer 60 that mame. In the neighbouring valleys, however, many Coorg- farmers live. Their houses seem buried among trees and lie had round the rice-fields at the bottom of the valley. The reader may i lght guess how long such a straggling village may be and by what round-about ways the houses are to be reached. At the first house ﬂds7 I seized him I visited, preparations were being made for a marriage. on the opportunity to show them how much depended on beginning ight oul married life with God and how improper it was to marry mere children. I was surprised to hear of the large amount of money med spent on such occasions. When I pointed out, how unwise it was to ment contract debts in order to celebrate a marriage in a grand style, the farmer replied, that he could not be the first to forsake old pder customs. g the In one of the next houses the owner warmly defended idolatry. 4 his I read to him Isaiah xI. He was evidently carried away by the sublime language of the prophet, yet when asked to bid farewell to idolatry, he replied: “Should we give up this also, what would re- main to us? I cannot believe that idolatry is only deception.” In spite of such and similar answers people are glad at our visits 46 L and conversation; and therefore we feel encouraged to work on. May the Lord fill Coorg also with His knowledge. Room forbids our saying more. We must, however, still mention the Cooly-Mission for North Coorg. My. F. Veil says: On the 31st of March 1881, the second year of the Cooly-Mission closed. Although there was a falling off in a few donations on account of the bad harvest, I am thankful to mention that the income amounted to Rs. 413. We have been permitted access to 26 smaller and larger plantations, which have been visited six or seven times during the year under review. The number of coolies, who of their own accord came to listen to our preaching, may amount to 3,000, or if we multiply them by our visits, we may say we have had o about 20,000 attendants. D] [ My. Daimelhuber writes in the yearly report: Up to September Mr. F. Veil attended to this branch of Mission- €l s work ; since then I have taken charge. The Catechist J. Upranna is our assistant. tp The planters, whether proprietors or superinten- dents, have assisted and encouraged us in many ways. We tender to W them our hearty thanks for their help and earnestly hope they will further enable us to carry on this good work. As regards the Coolies, men as a rule show more attention than women. Now and then they will put questions especially in moon-light nights, when they the enjoy sitting down after their meals chewing their betel. Only some of them know how to read. This accounts for their forgetfulness hip ﬂ.leJ and the shallowness of their impressions. Yet the time is not req[ thrown away, but spent on a work done in hope. Sily, gith, Concerning a Cooly-Mission in South-Coorg, Mr. F. Veil hopes it can be set on foot towards the end of 1882. May it ang thep be prosperous. $peg Let us now proceed to South;Mahfatta. Mr. Grossmann of Guledgud reports: the 0 [ In the middle of May, a feast was celebrated in honour of Moki- fhey navu, the patron of this town, which seems to be a form of Kali, nat It 47 Her image is a rude pyramidical stone besmeared with oil, the lower She is said part covered with a Shire, the cloth of a Native woman. to have power over sickness, murrain and other plagues, and has two temples here, one of them on the top of a hill. To propitiate her, every three years bloody and unbloody sacrifices are brought. In case of pestilential sicknesses, however, processions take place whenever they rage, and then presents of Shires for the goddess are given, which the priest considers as his due. Owing to the distress and poverty caused by the late famine, the feast could not come off for 1 eight years. It was thereforeto be expected that it would be celebrat- 10 ed this time with much splendour. The feast began with the deca- t0 pitation of 8 buffaloes and 200 sheep and goats, which were killed i at the lower temple; the heads heaped up in front of it, with the The blood spilled on the ground, emitted a most offensive smell. carcasses were given to men of the lower castes, and the heads at the end of the feast were strewed round the base of the hill for several Il it days. Deafening music in the mornings and in the evenings was kept up, accompanied by dancing. In the afternoons thousands collected it to witness the wrestling matches, when the victors were rewarded dor with prizes. gill Myr. Warth writes: the We proceeded to Guddur, a pretty large village. ‘We stayed and there in the temple of a god called Hullappa, meaning “strawy fa- hey ther?”, He is not made up of straw, however, else he might expose ome 1ess himself to the danger of being burnt up some day or other, as he requires a continually burning light. A curious idol though, with ] nOt silver eyes and a golden mustache! In a small temple close by is either his mother or his wife. This idol is held in great reverence, il and the yearly Jatre or Méla in May is visited by thousands. It is then, as people say, that his spirit takes possession of one of the y 3 spectators, making him his oracle and by him foretelling whether the coming year will be prosperous or otherwise. It is especially the oracle for the sake of which people come, and they are positive that it never fails. Yet it is of such a vague yoki- nature as to admit of different explanations, as the case may re- il 48 Slnd el quire. 1In the year before the famine the laconic word was “kappa- guvadu” (=it will be black). This year the oracle was couched in the word “bhangara bele dguvadu”, meaning “there will be a golden harvest’’. This kind of trickery is quite to the taste of many Hin- doos. Unfortunately the man, who became inspired this year, had the ill-luck to be attacked by a cheeta on his way home, and although saved from being killed, was so badly mauled that he succumbed afterwards. This occurrence has taken people aback, but the effect will not continue long. Another feat of the power of Hullappa takes place during the feast. The priest, otherwise quite an ignorant man, He D takes a chain and breaks it on a stone, consecrated to the idol. breaks it, as the pious will have it, through Hullappa’s taking pos- U 116 session of him. But strange to say, the broken chain can only be r mended by the priest, who has the charge of it, imposing thus year by year upon a credulous crowd. The inhabitants lent us attentive th W ears for two days as often as we addressed them, and some came J to our quarters at day-break to hear more and to have some questions answered. 0r oy Proceeding to Hubly, 21/7*. Roth tells us his experiences Cog as follows: Th Per Everywhere we meet with willing hearers. Owing to the im- pending dearth on account of the late and spare rains and to the Wit] rumour, that the sea will engulf the strip of coast as far as the a8t they bottom of the Ghauts, “men’s hearts fail them for fear, and for look- ing after those things which are coming on the earth (Luke xxi. 26.). hag People are therefore glad to see the Missionary and to hear from he 1 fl'om him the truth about the dark apprehensions and rumours which keep them in a ferment. ‘When we tell them of God’s judgments Silem and of His salvation, then they by their replies give us an insight Jong into their dark heart and confused notions. “There is transmigration”, furﬂh one replies, “how can a man escape the fatal consequences of merits (‘Omm or sins of a former birth, which work themselves out in this life ?” farly “What is man to do against the inscriptions on his skull” says another, “by which he is predestined to do ‘the evil which he would i t(}aeher Sy 49 not.” (Rom. vii. 19.) With an irresistible necessity he is forced to commit the most heinous crimes.” “Of what use” observes a third, “can prayer for rain to the true God be, when there are different Gods presiding over wind, rain, sunshine etc.? As they settle in their consultations so it will come to pass, and not otherwise.” Some days ago a priest came to Unakallu to sing the doctrines d of the Kialajnanis* (= those who know the times) to the people in et order to get some disciples. After he had sung several verses, one ¢S of our Christians, himself a converted Kalajnani, asked him to ex- 1, plain them. The priest declined, excusing himself with not fully Te understanding the deep meaning, whereupon Jonathan, for thisis his 08 name, volunteered an explanation, which was gladly accepted. The he burden of the different verses, which Jonathan knew by heart, was ol It will be for all this: “There will come a word in humble shape. 176 without distinetion of caste, position, possession, sect ete. Those who me preach it will neither seek their own honour, nor hide it from any, oS or treat part as a mystery, but proclaim it on the markets and in houses unmindful of honour and dishonour. “That word,” he pro- 1068 ceeded to explain, “is Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the whole world. The Missionaries proclaim the glad tidings of salvation to every person without distinction of caste, sex and creed, without price and Jig without money. What they get for it, are jeers and mockings. Yet the as they are not seeking their own honour, but that of Him, who sent the them, they revisit even the most hopeless places.” After Jonathan Jook- had given a literal translation and an explanation of the said verses, 26 he improved the opportunity by preaching Christ, the only Saviour from from sin. The whole assembly rewarded his efforts by a profound hich silence during, and their approbation at the end of, his delivery. pents Jonathan invited the priest to visit him in his house, that he might sight further enlighten him about the Kalajnanis, so as to enable him to o' communicate it to others also, but he preferred to leave the place ngefifs ) early next morning. Jife? ] 5355 * These, in order to help the memory, attract the people and assist the teacher, are presented in a poetical garb and recited by singing. sould 50 e My. Rnausenberger, who was accompanied by two Cate- chists and a Colporteur, records as follows: The village Chabi is in a dilapidated state since the last famine. About one-third of the inhabitants only remain, and of these the few persons we succeeded in interesting, were nearly all bent on disputing. ‘We passed on from village to village and preached wherever we could. In Mavula the Patel was at first disinclined to listen; after having, however, read one of our tracts, he desired to hear about the Gospel 1] and bought a Bible. At last we reached Meilara, where a festival was to be celebrated. With difficulty we got room in a small low and hot Hanumanta (Hanuman’s) temple; but being near the place of I Here the far- our work we gladly submitted to the inconvenience. o The festival takes place famed Meilara God (Vishnu) has his temple. (4 twice a year and is the most celebrated one in South-Mahratta, to Su which many thousands come flocking. This time, however, only he one-third of the usual number collected; owing to the taking of the e census many feared to be absent from home. You look here in an vain for the traditional idol-car. Some grim idols are carried about Th in procession, or exposed in certain places for worship. The principal aga ceremony comes off on the top of a hill near Meilara, where the chief tOr idol is exhibited. 50 The path up to its shrine is lined by hundreds of torch-bearers, heg who burn their torches during broad day-light in honour of the idol, why, nobody could tell me. I only saw that the torch-bearers, Regg after having spent the last drop of oil, went one by one their way, ha( There are further groups of sitting women, who sing and swing their thep A number of devotees walk round fans in the direction of the idol. ang the idol with pensive faces, ringing from time to time their hand- Wony bells. Sanyasis, daubed with ashes, fill the crest of the hill and help From time to time the crowd bursts out into i to increase the noise. ‘) Tggg “yglu koti, yélu koti” meaning: “seven millions,’ which seems to If point to a time when such a large assemblage used to visit this th&tn place. The most surprising was, however, a sort of dance in a circle theleg by a number of men, armed with whips. At one time they resembled \OW a ball, when all at once they spread out and, turning towards the heard 51 LR idol and dancing on one leg, flourished their whips and struck their right legs. Shortly after the circle closes again, the dance begins anew, and the whole round is gone through. In spite of much noise we could preach without molestation to a large crowd. Mr. Hasenwandel of Dharwar writes: | During one of our excursions, which lasted eight days, we put oY) up in a village, not very far from here, where the people were think- ¢l ing that the Christian religion was only fit for intelligent persons; al as for themselves, they declared they were too dull and stupid. W The headman was very attentive, and agreed that the Christian of religion was true. ‘When we told him that he was bound in fairness al to confess his faith, he replied: “I have gone all the length I possibly can 306 As headman of the village, I am forced to bribe my next Hindoo superiors, so as to retain their favour, and towards the villagers I must ) 2 be harsh and overbearing to secure fear and obedience. To get on the well with both parties, I have to tell lies in defence of my actions ) 11 and for the execution of my plans. As a Christian I dare not do this. hout Then my Hindoo superiors would get up one complaint or another 1[)&1 against me, Government would depose me, and the villagers accustomed jef to rough handling would no more obey my orders. Matters standing ol 80, I cannot make one step farther in advance.” Isn’t it painful to hear such a confession from an otherwise well inclined man ? 1615 During another trip we were most agreeably surprised at the idol, ersy reception we found in Garag and its environs. Former Missionaries Ay had to complain, that the people objected to hearing them, and drove them away. We found it quite the opposite. We had always large i {heit gound and attentive Congregations. On one occasion we saw some twenty women standing apart from the men, listening, quite a novel feature pand- in this district. In some places people even thanked us for the good 1 help f nt0 message we brought to their very doors! In another place the headman of a village could not comprehend i b that many things, that we called sin, could be really sinful. "He never- i thb theless listened well to our discourse. Atthe end of it he exclaimed: acucl"' “Now I am worse off than ever; I could wish never to have seen and il ed il N heard you. Before you came I felt fully satisfied with my religion® 108 7* 0 You have now disturbed I felt sure to obtain in it everlasting bliss. my peace and brought about a great confusion in my mind. My peace is gone. I doubt whether my religion will save me. As to the Christian religion, I am not sure whether it is really the only true one. What am I to believe now? My peace is gone.” We He told him the proper way to true peace was this inner struggle. should read the Bible, search the Seriptures, pray to God for light that he might see his wretched state, and Jesus Christ as the true Saviour, and believe in Him, and he would obtain peace. ‘When we left, he thanked us for the benefit he and his village had derived from our instruetion. Extracts from A4r. Schenkel’s Diary: In Dundurw I found a priest, who knows the Gospel and despises (] of idols; but I am afraid he has let the proper time for his conversion slip. I saw a number of very well inclined Brahmins in Chicka le Handikola. il Whether they will have the courage to confess Christ openly some day or other, I do not know. In Balawad: 1 found many th willing hearers, especially young men. ‘When I came to Hombala, a Th Wi prosperous place, I was well received by the Brahmins and had many quiet listeners during my addresses. Owing to the badness of the be 0n drinking water I had to return home sick. After my recovery, I set out again for Hombala, this time accompanied by Catechist Bhaskar. 01 Two Brahmins with whom the ‘We had many and attentive hearers. the Catechist disputed went away, abusing him. “They are angry because ang In you interfere with their livelihood” some by-standers explained. Wi VenkatapuraonlyLingaitas, Kurubaru (shepherds) and Bédaru (hunters) larn live. We had many hearers, but few who received the word gladly. In be]i: There are those who have Madaganuru people were most friendly. Sog} no longer idols in their houses, yet they lack the courage to declare Cany Christ openly. In Kitturu one of these insulted the image of the Squ Goddess Demavva by beating it with his slipper. The priests had a ﬂ]ey hearty laugh, replying: “We know full well, that this Demon has no Worg power; but we do not like to part with the income, this temple derives from its fields. From the above greatly condensed statement, all will the see that the time of sowing the good seed is most favourable. It bag e 53 does not matter that in these regions there are so many temples as Most of them are in a tumble- one to one hundred inhabitants. down condition, and this is the state of their religion. The time has come, when God executeth judgment on the idols of South- Mahratta. Oh for more men to visit these places regularly that the divine spark now excited in their consciences might be fostered into \ a glowing flame! 10 0 North-Canara is next to engage our attention. '['/]7’. Nibling gives us the following information: od In attempting to characterize the Brahmans, a caste with whom I have had intercourse for some years, I may arrange them in four Those 565 classes. The first belong mostly to the rising generation. of them, who listen gladly to the Gospel and seek my advice how to 100 lead a godly life, seem to be in earnest in their desire and upright ko pist in their intentions. They, however, have not nerve enough to brave the breaking of caste and the worries attending it single-handed. ny The second class, somewhat older, though friendly and willing hearers (ly & without raising objections, their moral powers and energy having any become somewhat impaired through incontinence, are so dependent the on public opinion and caste prejudices, that they find it impossible [ seb to take the lead or even to follow, if some bolder spirit should lead far. the way. There is a third class deeply steeped in idolatry, ignorance I the and sinful habits of life. It is difficult to ascertain whether they AUSe The last kind forms a In wish for enlightenment and salvation or not. large contingent. Self-satisfied, head-strong, given to doubts, un- ntefs) believing, sunk in sin, earthly-minded, and untruthful, they either VIH seek their anchorage in a philosophy they do not understand and ;vha\'e cannot grasp, or associate with persons of a doubtful character. pelare Some of them have at one time given room to the Word of God, but Of the they have hardened their hearts; and their latter state has become pad & worse than their former one. has 1o It is certainly most painful for a preacher of the Gospel to see Jorives the ups and downs, attractions and repulsions, approaches and al vl backslidings, through which poor blind heathen sinners are going, I le 54 until they are sufficiently strong to brave the sufferings that they must encounter in becoming Christians. If we had not the assurance that the work is the Lord’s, that He will do everything by His Spirit and that He visits those whom He draws to Himself with chastisements and many other means to bring their heart to subject themselves to Him in faith, then our task in the face of such unsurmountable difficulties and utter powerlessness would be sheer presumption. But God be thanked; He that is for us is stronger than he, who is against us. “Here is the patience and the faith of 0 the Saints.” i i Mr. Gengnagel characterizes some other castes, and dwells it especially on the Sadras, whom he describes as follows: fu Lastly I must mention the Sadras, a very conservative caste, oh who are afraid lest their thoughts about God and religion undergo 01 a change whereby they would be separated from their ancestors. Dol Accustomed to be led by the Brahmans and dependent for their 1) happiness on their favour, they are on the other hand more willing arg to listen to the preaching of the Gospel than the other castes. Thoughtlessness and caste-feeling keep them, however, from reflecting the deeper on Divine truth. die Some time ago I visited a Mari (a form of Kali)-shrine, where a hey small feast was celebrated. The chief actors were some six men, thy dancing before the little hut. They were all drunk. I was shocked ey to see how cruelly living fowls had their heads torn off by two nien, pulling the one at the legs and the other at the head, when the Ky writhing bird was flung at the feet of the image of the Goddess. On my enquiry what all that noise was for, they said: “Government pays us yearly Rs. 8 for this feast; if the money is not spent thus, fear we forfeit the yearly payment; for this reason we are bound to get Uerg] drunk, dance and make a noise. Besides this there is a great gain resulting to our village in the preservation of it from sickness.” Al ‘When we told them that their doings were useless, they replied: that K “Formerly, when we took the image beyond our village, it used to ()] he come back; now, however, we intend to place it this evening on a cart L”Guﬂlv th fre g 55 hung with all the presents, to take it beyond our village and there to break it to pieces. How can she afterwards return again?"’* The travelling preacher, Samuel Bunyan, stationed in i Honore, writes: h During April and May 1 had to superintend the building of a )} small house, which was being erected in Bada as a sort of rest-house during our preaching tours. I seized upon this opportunity to pro- T of claim the Gospel to the inhabitants. Some of them, however, did not like our building in their neighbourhood, calling our work a corrupt- One day I spoke with a woman and exhorted ing of the villagers. I her to believe in Christ: “ We women’ she replied, “are poor crea- tures. In our caste we cannot serve God. As long as we are >t9, children, we can worship God, but after having grown up, that is out of the question. At last when we are old and decrepit, it is again 80 possible to serve Him. How contemptible and miserable is our posi- )18 tion!”’ Ishowed her that in our religion all persons, without distinction, et ing are called upon to serve Gtod, and that it is possible for them to do it. I visited a young man, who was nigh unto death. I preached wt% the Gospel and when I pointed out to him, that Christian believers fing die gladly, he was greatly surprised. After he had died, his wife bewailed him and cursed me saying: “Oh God, may earth fall into 16 thy mouth”. She was evidently thinking I had brought about his nely death, by telling him to be ready for God’s call! cked Another travelling preacher, Bethuel Soens, stationed near el ) the Kundapur, gives the following information: dess: The people of our Taluq were in a state of great excitemeunt and ment fear through a rumour which had spread like wildfire and, as is ge- fhusy nerally the case, had received new additions and improvements by 0 get those who ecommunicated it to others. It was said that astronomers gl’%t * To make this intelligible to our European readers, we must remind them ness.” that Kali is a vindictive Goddess, and that her coming back inflicted calamities Hence the men thought they had hit upon a cunning plan of \ hed on the village. circumventing her by carrying her image to the outskirts of the village and sed 0 there destroying it. 3 att ™~ (9] 6 from the whole world had come together in Bombay, calculated the course of the heavenly bodies and had come to the result that North- and South-Canara were doomed to be swallowed up by the sea. Seven days before the catastrophe, the sea will recede about 7 leagues; then on the 23rd of September a three days’ darkness setting in, the sea will rush with all its force upon the shore and bury all Canara under its waves. This will doubtless happen, they said, as it has rained blood in Sircy and fire somewhere in the East, and as Masuli- patam some years ago had been visited by a tidal wave. ‘Whereso- ever we appeared, persons even who were habitually shunning us, crowded round about us, to learn whether the Bible says something about the end of the world or, as some expressed it, about the ‘We could world’s passing from one yuga (age) to another. f answer their questions by the Word of God and show them how to get rid of the fear of coming danger by believing in Jesus [} Christ, so that that day may not fall upon them as a thief in the h night and bring for them destruction instead of salvation. 01 Where the news about the destruction of Canara originated and Some even suspected Ie how it spread, we are at a loss to guess. us of having originated it, in order to make them all Christians, and g reproved us for giving currency to this rumour! Anyhow, scoffers a here and there said that: “even those, who believe in the true God are not exempt from death, and considering this, our case cannot be (9 improved, whether we believe or not.”” Others again remarked mock- dr; ingly, that it was not so bad to die in company, as to have to depart by from life by oneself. Peo Obt; ‘When the 23rd of September approached and the weather was S squally and the sea in commotion, terror fell on all, especially on the rich, who intended to sell their property, bury the money and flee gy to the mountains! The day has passed, but people have it, that on the 15th of November a catastrophe will happen, when some por- il tion of India will be submerged. This was to be considered as oup ( the prelude to the great flood, which will happen at the end of the hig I Kali-yuga. Ou | b@ Al 57 e May God in His mercy deliver these poor people, who through fear of death are all their lifetime subject to bondage. South-Canara. )y Among the reports to hapd, we give first that of Ar. Layer . © Mr. Digel, myself and five Catechists and pupils of the Seminary AS were preaching in Gurpiar, a small village, for five days of a festival i in honour of Vishnu. During the last two days three idol-cars of different sizes, two of 15 which were quite new and are said to have cost Rs. 3,000 and Rs. 1,000 respectively, were drawn by the people. On one of these days 05 he we were surrounded by a large crowd in which several persons tried ild to make each himself spokesman. 0w As long as Mr. Digel related a story, all were very attentive, §us but when the application was made they showed less willingness to hear. I followed with another address, when, after a few moments, the on a given sign of the ringleaders, the whole assembly left us to a man and retired to some distance. We followed them and were and received with hearty laughter, which we could not construe as ofed derision, but rather as an approval of our courage. The interrupted and address was continued and well received. \ﬁ(ﬂ‘s On the last day, we felt something of the power of darkness. An (iod excited erowd had collected round the cars, waiting for the signal to ot be draw them. The priest possessed of his God and several others seized 0k by the Demons, stood there shaking and profusely perspiring, the ‘epaft people looking on awestruck. There were high-caste women, who obtained holy water in return for money, while low-caste ones on the p Was same terms got flowers, which had been offered to the idol. i the ‘We tried to collect a small congregation apart from the din and id flee bustle, expecting no disturbance. Scarcely, however, had a burst of hat 08 applause and clapping of hands from the large assembly reached our ears, to announce that the God, who temporarily had possessed 1ed W his priest, had left him, when some miscreants brought an idiot, made Of the our hearers to open a passage for him, and one acting as a sort of bear-leader with a stick in his hand, made the poor creature to exhibit 8 58 i himself. This was an unforeseen close. May the Lord show the poor people the things serving for their peace. Myr. Eble relates: Accompanied by a Catechist I made house-to-house visits in and around our Out-Stations Santir, Kutyar and Padar. I was glad to see how willingly people listened to our message. The general im- pression is contained in the words: “What you say is true, but it is difficult for us toleave the ways of our fathers.” I was present also at some of the larger festivals, as that on the Gunjar Giri and in Stda and at several gatherings for cock-fighting. 'We had always attentive crowds and, although now and then one or another considered his objections weighty enough to interrupt us, we found that firm but 1 kind treatment was the best way to turn opponents into earnest hearers. ( ( Mr. Keppler reports: A Mohammedan had come to me for medicine for his sick wife and urged me to visit her. I was very glad to see the love he bore P to his wife, whom, when I saw, I found greatly reduced. I could 16y give her some medicine; and as my coming attracted people, I had a 4 | goodly crowd, who were willing to hear me and to buy some Tracts. e I am visiting a paralytic, who clings most tenaciously to life, and, although medicine will do him little good, I try to soothe his mind Jar and to point him to the Saviour of the world. Ong We have had occasion to preach at several heathen festivals. How busy the enemy is to cast obstacles in our way and to throw us by off our guard! A crowd has collected round us. They seem to listen oy tan well. This annoys some inveterate enemy; a broom is brought and the road is swept, so that the rising dust drives away our hearers and forces us to stop. Again some persons collect, when small pebbles i 0 ‘T begin to pour in among us, or instead of these, a person determined to interrupt us, throws small sweetmeats amongst the crowd; there to 4} is a scramble and a pushing to and fro; they collect again when a ay] new shower of sweets distracts their attention and thus our endeavours to preach are finally frustrated. eYen hPOUg 59 In Munderu we found a large vnumber of people assembled for cock-fighting, of which the Tulus are passionately fond. They do not grudge a walk of many miles for the purpose of either fighting their own cocks or of witnessing the sport. The cruelty inflicted on these poor animals to gratify the corrupt tastes of heartless men is really disgusting. Notwithstanding the excitement which prevailed, we were able to get many hearers mornings and evenings during these two days, and through the friendly offices of a man, we had a shady place to preach in and to rest. Malabar, which we touch upon last, affords several inte- 5 resting points. Myr. Hanhart describes a preaching tour he It made with several Catechists as far as Putukotta or Hosadurga 51 (Kasargodu Taluq) about half way between Mangalore and Cannanore. We give a few extracts. We visited first the few Christian families to whom we also fe preached during the two Sundays we were staying there. 10 In this town a weekly market is held, where we were preaching 1 regularly. On week-days we paid house-to-house visits. Although 12 a Catechist is stationed here, we were at first received with sus- £ picion, and in some places even with opposition, especially on the ﬂdj part of the Brahmans. nd ‘We visited a rich man, who had read many of our books and at one time intended to embrace Christianity, but had been prevented \l by his family and relations from taking the step! We showed him s how terrible it was to be a servant of sin, and how Jesus Christ alone () can save from temporal and eternal misery. hie ‘When we approached the house of a Nambitiri Brahman, he call- and ed out: “Don’t trouble yourself to visit here; we are your enemies.” bles “I am sorry to hear you say so” I replied, “as we desire you to come ned to the knowledge of the only true God and His Son, the Saviour of e1e mankind, Jesus Christ.” o Another Brahman received us politely, yet he did not admit us even to the yard in front of his house, but had a chair and mats ours brought and placed under a large tree. We raised our voices 84- e 60_ so that the inmates aléo could catch our words. “To conclude,” he said “your religionis certainly the most suitable one for Europeans, but it is quite different with us, Hindoos. ‘We have a time-honoured religion and ancient precepts, and therefore we dare not swerve from them.” On the 25th of May the feast at Madiyankilagam began. Peo- ple collected only towards noon. An elevated spot under the shadow of alarge tree near the precincts of the outer wall of the temple afford- ed us a nice place to address large crowds. About 4 p.m. the Tiyans, headed by a drummer, brought the presents for the “ Bhiita Kshatra- palan” (consisting of a garland, wrapped in cloth), followed by a num- h ber of men carrying large vessels filled with toddy, and others 01 with loads of fish, brought up the procession which attracted the 80 crowd collected for the occasion. Their coming and heavy rain put it a stop to our work. The day following, we could preach for some 0n time but a heavy downpour at 1 ».m. forced us to leave off. M Extracts from the Diary of the Native Travelling Preacher, as Hi Facob Chemmanchery: On the 27th of January 1881, I left for Kudali, where a feast ing was celebrated during the following night to the Demons Khanda- il karnan, Chimundi and Kuttichattan. Next morning I got upwards of 200 listeners. Wou At Kalla: 1 stayed four days on account of a feast. T visited tep] ent the houses. Near the temple I preached on the sinfulness of idolatry. Niy A relation of the owner of the temple was glad on account of my fath, preaching, and a Brahman brought me rice from the temple to eat, I declined with «tha adding that I should be served during the festival. (og thanks. It was there, that a Brahman during a conversation I had ﬂ)ing with him, rejoined that, as Christ had died for the sins of all men, all are now redeemed and none can be damned. I pointed out to Mg him that the benefits of Christ’s death cannot be acquired by any TGCOg man otherwise than by faith. He bought a “Heart-book.”—Went to Irikur. Here many Mippillas live. A rich Mappilla invited me ) fragt to stay in his dwelling-house and bade me relate the stories of the Dol 61 e Gospel. I preferred to stay in one of his empty houses. Many came ) to listen, of whom several invited me to visit them in their houses. There were, of course, also some ill-disposed persons, but most were well ‘inclined. They came to me in the evening when I had many a welcome opportunity of addressing them. On one occasion a man sang an episode of Mohammed’s wars, describing how he had de- stroyed the villages of the Jews, slaughtered the men and kept the i beautiful women for himself. This gave me an opportunity to speak 15 against the injustice and immorality of their Prophet. When the man saw, how he had furnished me with a handle, he regretted his inconsiderateness. Another time several of them sang an epic 1S on Abraham. The burden of the song being, that Ishmael was the he son of promise by his rightful wife Hagar, that the stone (Kaaba) in Mecca had fallen from heaven and that Abraham offered sacrifices put meé on it. I showed them, however, that, as the Hindoos claim for Shiva’s Lingam that it had fallen from heaven, the Mohammedans, as regards this article of faith, were in no way superior to the et Hindoos. I proceeded to Walakai. I went to a brass-founder, who sat mould- oast ing a God. “What! are you the father of Ishvara (God)”, I asked. “Well if it was not for my caste-people, the Nayas and other castes ,1'1(.1@- ards would have no God whom they could worship.”—¢“How strange’’, I replied, “that you make the idols and are nevertheless forbidden from sited entering a temple.” “For this we cannot be put to account”’, said a atty. Naya, who was just then listening, “that is the doing of our fore- fathers.” “If high castes could approach nearer God,” I retorted, f mf ) eﬂt, “than the lower ones, God would be partial. But just the reverse; ith God grants the enjoyment of air, sunshine, rain and many other things to all alike. Thus, the religion professing to come from Him had el must embrace all without distinction. No religion but the Christian recognises this fact.” out 10 Mr. Licbendorfer of Tellicherry reports: fent In October I left with some of my Native assistants to visit the tract of country near the foot of the Ghauts which lies North of pd 10 i 9 Tellicherry, and where the Gospel message had not been proclaimed 62 e so regularly as along the coast. The difference between the bulk of the people there and those of the coast is very striking. During our house-to-house visits we were in several instances bluntly told that our visit was mnot desired, or we were entreated to pass on, as the inmates consisted only of foolish women and children, who could not comprehend our religious conversation. Among the higher castes we met with many who sought comfort in Vedantism and anticipated their being dissolved into Brahma by smoking hemp (Bang). When this kind of devotees were spoken to of the Saviour, they triumphantly pointed to their hookas, a few whiffs of which I would make them forget all sorrow and grief, In one house we a found the males so much muddled that they could not in the least comprehend what we said. In another house a Vedantist offered h me a cocoanut to quench my thirst adding: “Well, sir, drink and remember you are enjoying a part of Brahma.” I must not, however, merely give prominence to the dark side, but let in some 10r of the rays of light which cheered us during this trip. Sor We had many an opening owing either to the influence of our llp Vernacular Schools or to the preaching carried on in the bazaars hrg and at heathen festivals. For the sake of a son, brother, cousin or Ish neighbour, who could testify to a more or less intimate acquaintance with us, instead of being given the cold shoulder, we were courteously Wh welecomed. Of an evening we were surprised in our quarters by Weg the visit of a young man, who was well up in the Bible history, and Wom spoke even with enthusiasm of the parable of the prodigal son which hag; he declared was his favourite story. The inmates of a number of Prigg houses, in spite of their never having been visited with the Gospel, tﬂken evinced a tolerably good knowledge of it. ‘When we expressed our by surprise we were told that they had been to such and such a heathen lbm\ festival and had heard the Gospel preached. In such houses we lapg stayed longer in order to deepen their impressions and to set before Partj, them sin, righteousness and judgment. A poor old woman, when hOUSe she heard of the Saviour and pardon of sin, exelaimed: “I never g W heard such good news. I have had a deal of trouble during my the Wl _1ife-time; what a comforting message that life everlasting is also in b AR GSM store for me!” In another house an old man on hearing of Christ’s love to sinners, exclaimed: “Oh what joyful tidings you bring! Please tell me once more about it. Where and when has this happened? Why have we not been told ere this of God’s love to fallen sinners! } What is the name of that God, who accomplished all this?”’ When told, it was Jesus Christ, he made several efforts till he could pro- il nounce the name well. He promised that he would forsake his P Gods and pray to Christ only. We spent Sunday at the foot of the Ghauts and conducted morn- ing-service in our quarters. Some 40 heathens came and listened (4 attentively, and after we had concluded, asked us different questions. 156 From the Diary of Mr. Walter of Chombala we extract el the following: nd 0f) With the Catechists of my Station I set out on the 9th of May for a fortnight’s tour. mne We began our work at Puttiir, where with some difficulty we got a small and hot verandah of a Tiyan to put Our up af. Most houses were crowded with pilgrims who before the break of the monsoon visit the temple of the Kilakkan Perumail 1S Ishvaran in Kottiyair at the foot of the Wynaad mountains. ] 01 106 On the 10th of May, we visited the neighbouring weaver-village. Whereas the rest of the Malayilis live in detached compounds, the nsly weavers have regular villages. While the men and boys weave, the by and women and girls are spooling and making the warps. Each village has its own temple in which Ganapati (Ganésha) is worshipped. The hich priestly functions belong to all the males above 16 years, and are oy Of taken by turns. The male, who is to officiate for the day, can only. 5peh do so after having fasted and bathed the previous day. ‘Whilst he j ow! is in office he wears the threefold string over his shoulder, as Brah- then mans do. This explains how weavers (Chiliyas) are even more 5 WO particular about defilement than higher castes. The eaves of their )gf()l'e house should not come into contact with one’s leaf-umbrella; leaning et nevef on a wooden pillar of the verandah will communicate defilement to the whole house; stone-pillars are, however, considered non-conduc- ¢ Tﬂj tors of levitical impurity. We found many who gave ear to our dis- 3”150 in 64 codrse. ‘When we arrived at the end of the village, two men drove us off with a good deal of noise, but this brought the whole village together and gave us a good congregation, who listened most attentively to our preaching. On the 11th May we met some men, the descendants of the Tacholis, of whom a certain Otenan made himself famous through feats of bravery and violence, which are celebrated in folk-lore sung by men and women during their work in the fields, and by boat- men, when journeying ete. He may have lived about 350 years ago Popular superstition has endued him with demoniacal power able to plague his enemies and to protect his clients. Within the last twenty years or so a temple has been built in Méppa in his honour; since then vows are made and gifts are brought in sickness or any 00 €l calamity, and a yearly feast is being celebrated. On the 13th May a Tiyan in Méppa placed the veranda of the €2 temple dedicated to his penates at our disposal. According to the W the notion of the people, the spirits of the defunct inmates were our next- door neighbours. This lodging, besides affording us shelter, was a €0 very convenient place for the people to meet us till late at night. des Wi On the 14th May whilst we spoke to some Nayas in the yard of their house, doors and shutters were opening, showing us that the fe- 1nf} tha male inmates too wished to hear our message. We changed the tone of conversation into that of preaching. In the adjoining garden we £ess addressed a number of persons, engaged in building up the stone- the | Whe walls of a large tank, and invited ther to come to Christ. evey Mr. Knoblock at Calicut reports, that A4». Faus had Hi ] made several preaching tours in company with the Native g Travelling Preacher, Fona Padiyat. They and the other Cate- aTE]I chists were on the whole so well received, that they returned me( mostly in buoyant spirits. The Travelling Preacher has met, T, however, with a good deal of rough handling South of Bey- WhOh pore. Also Mr. Kilhnle of Codacal reports that, taken all XC( 65 - together, the experiences of the past year have been rather pleasant than otherwise. I We close with the Palghaut District, where much seed has Let us hear what Afr. Rulland been sown for many years relates of some of the results i} In two of our Out-stations there are some families, who gave us great hope, that they would openly embrace Christianity Hitherto tg IS they have not had the courage caste and family-ties being so Yet the Word of God has not come back empty, Last powerful year, a young man died in one of the Out-stations. Five or six days le ast before his end he asked his parents to send for his teacher, a young man, converted some years ago As they showed no inclination to i comply with his desire, he told them, he wished to die a Christian and iy entreated them with tears to grant his request They turned a deaf ear to his prayer; when driven to despair, he said to his parents: “I the if I am lost on account of the wish to die a Christian, you object to it the want of baptism, you will have to answer for it and to bear the ext consequences He thereupon became more restless and feeling a8 & death approaching he cried in despair “Woe unto me, I am dying without baptism.” Hisparents, believing that this proceeded from the rd of influence of Demons, called in some Demon-priests, who declared 16 e that an evil spirit* was haunting their dwelling and that it was ne- ) t()ﬂe cessary to carry him into another house They obeyed, but whilst ) WO the poor man was being carried thither he expired My heart aches fone whenever I think of this occurrence In that very place a similar event has happened A sick young man asked to see his teacher His parents complied, but at the same time told him that he need be , ad (11 in no hurry, as they all intended to become Christians shortly “If you are in earnest,’”’ he said, “I wish the teacher to come daily and pray with (ate me; otherwise I will not take any medicine All this was agreed to ulﬁed The youth has recovered But with respect to the baptism of the g b whole family, to judge from appearances, it is at present far off; for f e they are rich and influential These are a few harbingers of a #*Compare Luke xi. 14—26 e i al 9 oL 66 coming dawn. Let us hope that the bright daylight shall shine upon Palghaut too. We must now conclude this lengthy article, hoping that no apology on our part is required. On the contrary we trust that our friends in general, and those who are interested in the different Provincial Missions in particular, will feel a re- doubled interest in the vast work of preaching to the heathen; and let our work have the benefit of their renewed sympathy, prayers and zeal. We devoutly wish that our Native Brethren who may read this Report, may see how much remains still to be done to christianize the Heathen, their brethren ac- 18 cording to the flesh, and may awake to the solemn duty incum- bent on them of giving witness to the light and of praying fervently and earnestly for their conversion. Lastly, we would ask leave to plead with our Home Committee for more help, especially for Sogth—Mahratta. 11 EDUCATION. During the past year our Missionaries and their Assistants, engaged in educational work, have met with much encour- agement. Schools. Four Schools have been temporarily closed or abolished. On the other hand Canara has had Zwo, South- Mahratta #aree, Malabar #zree, and the Nilagiris szx Schools added to their former number, making fourfcen new Schools. We therefore closed the year with 78 Schools against 68 in 1880, and when we add our 6 Sunday-Schools, with 84. Pupils. There has been a decrease of 29 pupils in South- Mahratta. Elsewhere, however, partly corresponding with the :\8 above increase of Schools, partly for other reasons, there has M been on the whole an zzzcrease of 556, of which Canara-Coorg they, a ——— 67 claims 104, the Nilagiris 154, and Malabar 298. The above falling off being deducted, we close the year with 3815 ckzldren, being 527 in adwvance of the number in 1880. This access consists of 79 Christian and 450 Heathen children, 7. ¢. 39 Christian and 443 Heathen boys, and 40 Christian and 7 Heathen girls. It is to be remarked that our different Christian Schools are attended by 204 Heathen, and our Heathen Schools by 202 Christian children. Il Looking at the different Schools, the above number of pupils is assigned to them in the following manner: Total Males: Females Males: Females: g Seminary . —_— 22 nto Id — Evangelist School Ip, Normal Schools 15 Preparatory (Middle) Schools : 45 328 46 Boarding Schools for Boys Do for Girls 60 404 388 450 129 Parochial Schools for Boys Do for Girls 130 s ) Do Do Mixed 336 166 )il Do for Infants 54 Tl 367 High Schools . Anglo-Vernacular Schools : SELE o |uth Franco-Vernacular School ;]:) ek 421 j00ls Vernacular Schools for Boys QU s et GO D ND e R N GO S DD DD ket Do for Girls. 13 78 0013' 9 Do Mixed 458 87 892 165 910 6 Sunday-Schools® 84 Schools 2829 986 ot Making in all 3815 Pupils. p the o 1S *The pupils attending the Sunday-Schools are not put down, as most of them attend our other Schools during the week. (o0r qb e 68 We purpose to report shortly on the different Schools: High Schools. In the Calicut High School the number has risen from 305 to 324, and in the Tellicherry one from 206 to 286 Although teachers and pupils in both Schools spared no pains in their work throughout the year, the results of the Government Examinations have not been quite satisfactory; those for Grants-in-aid have been more reassuring. There is an intention on the part of Government to hand over the Brennen School at Tellicherry to our Mission again. Anglo-Vernacular Schools. The Mangalore Anglo-Vernacu- lar School closed the year with 158; if the Vernacular feeder E | be added, with 328 against 329 in 1880, D/laerwar with 66, and Palghaun! with 54 pupils, in all 278 against 155, 64, 57 fe respectively in 1880, or total 276. As to numbers, these N A Schools have been stationary. The Municipal School at Marga- lore, which is not far off from ours, has opened higher and by ¢h lower classes, so that the competition may cause, more or less, a decrease in numbers in future years. In connexion with the he Palghaut School, we have to record a strange occurrence. By of Three heathen boys, who it seems bore a grudge to one of the teachers, in order to avoid learning under him, set fire to of the palmyra-leaf covered roof on the 9th of May. The School Prg was nevertheless opened in due time, and will be tiled before next monsoon. for Franco-Vernacular School. Thisnewly taken up School is locat- In ed in Mahé, the French territoire near Tellicherry. Mr. Walter ingt had petitioned “the Gouverneur des Etablissements Frangais o ¢ dans 1’ Inde & Pondicherry” for permission to open a School Thyy at Maheé. After he had received the sanction through the the Chef de Service at Mahé, the School was formally opened on iﬁte]‘ of {] *The Vernacular feeders in each several case included. fl'()m b i 69 the 13th of September 1881. The Chef de Service was repre- sented by proxy and had deputed most of the French officials; besides a number of Christian, Mohammedan, and Hindu The «President du Comite de 1’ Instruc- il Natives were present. 10 tion Publique” presided. My. Walter opened with a prayer. Then Afr. Matthissen addressed the assembly in French, and My. Walter in Malayalam, setting forth the aim of the School 1§ he and thanking the Authorities. Myr. Wagner offered up the The Maire in his reply, ac- closing prayer in Malayalam. knowledged that the children could only get good from the Bible. Ul Jet He was followed by one of the officials, who spoke in favour- able terms of our efforts. In the intervals between the dif- 6o, ferent addresses the Chombala Boarding School girls sang appro- 1656 priate hymns, 4%7. Mieg accompanying them on the harmonium. At the close of the ceremony a quadruple Vivat was proposed g 0- by the officials for the Republic, the Governeur Général at Pondi- and cherry, the Chef de Service at Mahé and the Maire, and was Jess, heartily responded to. In the School, Malayalam, French and ) the English are being taught. From time to time the President IR of Public Instruction will examine the School. The number e 0F May this School of pupils amounts for the present to 56. e 0 prove a blessing. ool Vernacular Schools. We have now 20 Vernacular Schools fore for Heathens. Of these 11 are for boys, and 9 for both sexes. In them 879 boys and 87 girls, in all 966 children, receive Jocal instruction. Of the Schools for boys, we wish to call attention V(plﬂ‘)‘ to the severnz Night-Schools on the Nilagiris, with 161 boys. ol Three of these have been established with the assistance of the Local Fund Board. My. F. Muiller, who takes a great School Jy the interest in these Schools, remembering the spasmodic exertions 110 g on of the Badagas in education in former years, is anxious that from this time forward their energies may not flag, but that 70 — their desire for schooling may become steady and that it may spread among the remainder of the Hill-tribes. We are glad further to mention, that we opened a Verna- cular School as Hosadurga on the 1st of March. The Local Fund Board, who had a School there for some years, after having given it up, let us have the loan of the school-house and furniture. At first the children made different attempts to force us to countenance a distinction of caste, and when they saw that we firmly adhered to our principle, the atten- dance fell off. A change for the better having set in, the School is filled again. There are now 48 on the rolls, and we a hope it is on a fair way to prosperity. fo We may observe here, that the girls in three Vernacular i Schools at Mangalore, Cannanore, and Tellicherry, which 10 number 29, 22 and 17 respectively, receive instruction in ho needle- and fancy-work under the superintendence of our Missionaries’ wives. Heathen Girls’ Schools. We have now five Girls’ Schools, tiay which are attended by 78 girls and 13 boys. ang The populous towns of Calicut and Palghaut have each a School for Tiya oy bem and Tamil girls; instead of their furnishing, however, a large contingent, both muster among themselves only 14 girls and frop hu b 13 small boys! The two Schools for Brakman girls at Manga- lorve and Honore have 34 and 17 girls respectively on the hep lttg rolls. Some lessons are given by the Missionaries’ wives at the different places. On the whole the girls have been diligent oy and done well. Ouly The School for Coorg girls at Mercara is kept up by sub- scription of some Coorg gentlemen, one or two of them taking Pupy Sergy a specially warm interest in its prosperity. The girls are bright and industrious. Our Missionaries’ wives feel them- ducte selves repaid by the eagerness with which the lessons are boy Nagy) e 71 received. English and all kind of needle-work are their favourite pursuits. We should observe that Afrs. Gengnagel in Basarur has opened a small Girls’ School in the course of 1881. As it has only just begun, it has been omitted from the present census. We are glad to mention that A77. Ritter has succeeded in erecting a Girls’ School in Udapy. Many influential Natives have contributed towards the building. The School has been open since February 1882, and is attended by 15 to 20 girls. 10 Infant Schools. We have two of these, one at Mangalore I and another at Calicut. These Schools were first established for the sake of the children of poor women, who were com- ar pelled to do cooly work, and of mothers, who were unable to ¢h instruct their children themselves. They have been found, however, beneficial not only to these classes, but to others also. n Ul Mr. Knoblock writes: When we take a walk of an evening and, passing by our Chris- tians’ houses, hear the clear and sweet voices of Infant School boys 0ls, Ous and girls, we are forcibly reminded of Psalms viii. 2: “Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings hast thou ordained strength.” The 170 benefits of this School are evident; not only are these little ones kept g6 from many evil influences and learn much that is good and useful, and but also the results obtained remind many a mother of her duty fo ) g(l. her children and encourage her to earnestly strive to bring her the little ones to Christ. s ob Parochial Schools. Of these there are now 27, viz. two for In these gent boys, four for girls, and twenty-one for both sexes. only 583 children (309 boys and 274 girls) are educated. sub Further 240 (97 boys and 143 girls) attend the Schools of the king several Orphanages as day-scholars and (after having de- ducted the children attending the Infant Schools) 314 (282 are hetl boys and 32 girls) are pupils in our Vernacular, Anglo-Ver- nacular and High Schools. g e 72 The Missionaries’ wives of the different Stations give the girls lessons in needle-work ete. Boarding Schools. We have now six Boarding Schools for Canara and the Hills have each one boys and six for girls. Boys’, and one Girls’ Orphanage; Malabar and South-Mahratta, however, have two of each. Last year we had 542 (239 boys and 303 girls) Boarders, against 621 (287 boys and 3834 girls) Boarders of the preceding year; a falling off of 79 (48 boys and 31 girls). Of these 7 famine orphans, who till now were in the Hubly Orphanage, preferring idleness and beggary to a regular school-life and discipline, have run away. The other children have either left, if girls to get married, if boys to prosecute their education, or they have been given back to their parents. We are of opinion that as those only, who are «widows indeed” are to be relieved by the Church, so Orphan- }{ ages are the refuge for those children alone, who are “orphans indeed”. If ever children, who have parents, are received, it is only in extraordinary cases and for a yearly payment 1 according to their ability. When we were working hard to (l get a sure footing in the country and to lay a solid founda- | tion in our Congregations, raw from heathenism, nearly every th girl whether orphan or not, was admitted on principle into one of the existing Orphanages. Now, however, after having po worked on hard from forty to fifty years, during which time a the standard of morality among our Christians has improved Uy and has become more and more scriptural, we expect that children and youthé. of both sexes are as safe with their fami- asg lies as they are in our institutions; more than that, we are g, fully convinced that family-life is more congenial and whole- some, and that persons brought up in the midst of temptations My will be better able to take their place in the world, than those Sehe] reared in an Orphanage. Our Missionaries and their wives, Semh e 73 conscious of the many drawbacks of institution-life, do all in their power to minimize the evil effects. To assist in this our Home Committee have kept down the numbers in each several institution and ordered that orphans be boarded in respectable families. This latter kind amounted last year to 82 out-boarders. Sunday-Schools. The six Sckools (4 in Malabar, 1 in Canara and 1on the Nilagiris) are attended by 333 pupils.. Of these i 271 are Christian children and 16 Christian adults; 46 are Hea- then adults and children. Some 50 to 60 excepted, the rest are )T 6 all pupils of our different Schools. Five of these are managed by our Mercantile and Industrial Missionaries, who besides /S 0 preside over one or two Young Men’s Associations and provide '6 their apprentices with Night-Schools to keep up what they have already learned, and if possible to further advance themselves. i 1 Middle Schools.* Mr. Walz and Mr. Liebendorfer are the b managers of two Preparatory Schools at Udapy and Telli- Our Nor- t0 cherry respectively, containing together 45 pupils. 1 mal Schools and the Catechists’ Seminary get nearly all 1y their pupils from this source. Normal Schools. nfo The Udapy Normal School has been tem- ull porarily closed, after the death of A/r. A. Ziegler. The one me at Tellicherry under 7. Licbendorfer, and the other at Hubly \ ol under My. Lztze number between them 15 men. hat Evangelists’ School. To meet the crying want of Native i assistants for South-Mahratta, this small School, as a temporary are measure, has been opened under the superintendence of ole Myr. Lutze with four promising young men. After the most 1008 * This is to be distinguished from the Middle School in the Government 108 Scheme. Our Middle School denotes the one that prepares pupils for our Seminaries. 1765 10 T4 urgent exigence has been met, the usual but longer course of education at the Mangalore Seminary will be preferred. Catechists’ Seminary. We closed the year with 28 students. Of these four young men were examined in April and installed by Mpr. Graeter on the 10th of May. Another one from South- Mahratta owing to over-exertion for the examination, fell sick; he was sent back to his native country and after his recovery, One was dismissed and installed there a few months later. three young Malayalis showed a disinclination to return after the last vacation. Nine have thus been accounted for. There have entered six. We therefore began the scholastic year with 25 young men. Of these three, for the sake of their health, have left the Seminary for a time. This leaves twenty-two young men who were last year under preparation. They received lessons in Introduction into the Scriptures, Dogmatics, Exegesis of the Old Testament from the Canarese and of the New Testament from the Greek Text, Homiletical and Catechetical Exercises, Bazaar-preaching, English, Sans- i krit, Greek, Canarese and Singing. Two-thirds of these lessons € were in Canarese and one-third in Malayalam, Ar. Graceter and Catechist Chr. Watsa taking charge of the former, and Myr. Diez of the latter. Myr. Hock was acting for about 5 months, partly for AMr. Graceter, partly for Mr. Diez. R In closing this article, we regret that want of space pre- vents us from letting our friends look more into the inner 1 working and the blessings which the Lord has vouchsafed. By We may well say that this portion of the Mission-field is full of hope, the more so, as there is not a single School in Py which the glad tidings of salvation are not set forth with more «“In due season we shall Iy or less earnestness and prayer. No reap, if we faint not.” cal 75 IV. LITERARY DEPARTMENT. 1 Original Works and Compilations. The second revision of the Malayalam New Testament, . published by the Madras Auxiliary Bible Society, has advanced to the end of the Epistle to the Hebrews. Messrs. Diez, Knobloch and Walter are the Delegates of our Mission. The Committee for the revision of the Zulu New Zestament have been pushing on the work earnestly. it The Canarese Commentary translated from the German by the late Rev. Dr. H. Migling has advanced as far as Proverbs, S Chapter xxvii. 5. The Canarese and Malayalam Christian Almanacs have been published for 1882. 5 The Canarese Monthly Fournal «Kreista Sabhapatra” has al been edited by Mr. Minner and My. Chr. Watsa; while the 1§ ns Malayalam Monthly Periodical «Keralopakari” has been edited by Messrs. Diez and Frohnmeyer. for The following Books and Tracts have been newly published: nd b Canarese. A Canarese Tunc-Book (autographed) by the Rev. A. Minner containing 312 Tunes with Text. Fioe Hundred Indian Plants, their use in Medicine and )1 nel in Arts, by Messrs. G. Plebst and C. Stolz (first edition, as a Book), enlarged and revised by the Rev. E. Harlin. fed 1000 ] 8 A Practical Key to the Canarese Language, t. ¢ Practical Canarese Sentences in Vernacular and in Roman )1 in Type, with Ordinary and Verbal Translation, Grammatical n01e Notes etc., by the Rev. F. Ziegler. hall Malayalam. On the Management of little Children: Physi- cal and Religious, by the Rev. E. Liebendorfer. 10%* 76 SE ey Outlines of lhe Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Body with Hygienic and Practical Hints, illustrated by 70 cuts, by the Rev. E. Licbendorfer. This is for the most part a reprint of articles that have appeared in the «Kéralopakari.” Considering that Native Botany, Anatomy and Physiology are full of idolatry, sorcery, ignorance, and wickedness, the above books should prove a real boon to the country. A guide to the management of little children has been long a great desideratum, and it is hoped that Ar. Liebendorfer's book will prove really useful to many mothers. Coorg-Dialect (Kodagu). Zwo Hundred of the most Promi- nent Passages of Scripture have been translated by the Rev. F. Veil. This is the first attempt at rendering parts of the Bible into the Coorg-Dialect. 2. The Printing Press. My. Hirner left on sick-leave in last March. Since then Myr. Stkemeier has been in charge. Lict OF BOOKS Printed during the year 188l. L. Canarese. Edition: Size: Copies: Pages: Tot. Pages D 80 Sabhapatra, 14th year . 480 196 94080 0 Elementary Geography Pt. II. II 12 15000 66 990000 (; Do do Part HI. II 12 10000 132 1320000 Second Book of Canarese Poetry II 12 12000 72 864000 Catechism of Canarese Grammar IX 12 4000 60 240000 Ker Melodien, ete. (Tune B;ook.) autographed . 80 200 255 51000 Poh 41 Edition: Size: Copies: Pages: Tot. Pages: A short Catechism of the 12° 1000 110 110000 Protest. & Rom. Teachings Five Hundred Indian Plants, People’s Edition . 80 1000 236 236000 Do Introduection to Complete Ed. 80 250 50 12500 Self-Guide to Howard’s Pt.1. 1I .16" 1060 63 68000 Short Description of Dharwar Collectorate Ll 16 1000 16 16000 Minor Canarese Poetical IiI 163 302000 Anthology 2000 151 Catechism of Vaeccination LI Ro. 1.6 1500 16 24000 The Gospel of Mark 18° 4725 70 330750 On Fatalism i0F 16° 3000 40 120000 Blindness Cured 1I - Cr. 37 5000 16 80000 Story of an Actor and of a Princess . 1I ” 32° 5000 16 80000 Canarese First ].3001; of Lessons (Madras) VIII . Dy. 156 10000 67 670000 Canarese Third Book of Lessons (Madras) IV 16° 1000 262 262000 Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress Part T. 16 1000 183 183000 Arithmetic Part 11. 12° 3000 202 606000 III 67 4000 16 64000 Description of South Canara (] The Gospel of Matthew 18 5000 106 530000 80 Canarese Almanac for 1882 SJ 6600 80 480000 00 » Commentary to the 00 New Testament, continued (pp. 161-512) 80 1000 352 352000 00 L Malayalam. Kéralopakari, 1881, 8th year 80 500 196 98000 )00 Pothan’s Elementary Geo- graphy, Part II. India . 167 3000 95 285000 000 78 Edition Size Pages Tot. Pages Copies Essentials of Malayalam Grammar 11 165 6000 852 192000 The Book of Psalms T4 cr 16° 2000 196 392000 The Poetical Books of the 0Old Testament 1K ” 16 1060 368 368000 The Lost Purse 16 3000 20 60000 A Call 1I 32° 5000 20 100000 Fear God II 32° 5000 16 80000 The Fruit of Bad Company 11 32° 5000 20 100000 Kapiolany 1l 324 0000 19 95000 11 32° 5000 12 60000 The Parables: Lost Sheep ete The Runaways 11 32° 5000 20 100000 Thou shalt not Steal IT 15 32° 5000 (5000 The Grapes 1I 32° 5000 16 80000 Pothan’s Arithmetic Part I 11 12 5000 189 945000 Do do Lon ] IIT 123 3000 46 138000 Do History of India Part I 11 16° 1000 140 140000 Garthwaite’s Arithmetic Bart L 1I 12° 5000 169 945000 A First Catechism (of Rel1g10n) 1I 1000 53 53000 First Book of Lessons VIII 8() 10000 680000 Second Reader 16 10000 108 1080000 Agricultural Class-Book 2 2000 75 150000 On the Management of little Children . 12° 1000 59 59000 40 1500 32 48000 Pothan’s Copy Book No 3 Do Slips, » 3 % Roy 8 1000 32 2000 i Do Copy Book ” il 80 3000 32 96000 Do do » 1I 80 3500 52 182000 Almanaec for 1882 80 3500 80 280000 i Revised Bible (continued), Romans 842 8000 21 168000 111, Tamil Ty Garland of Song, with Tunes L. ¢r 80 1000 16 16000 I | R A0 79 v English, Anglo-Vernacular elc. Edition: Size: Copies: Pages: Tot. Pages: 80 500 439 219500 Konkani Grammar 1 Forty-first Report of the B. K. 130000 Missionary Society for 1880 1300 100 Report of the General Conference of the B. M. in India (German). 160 180 28800 16 10000 78 780000 Anglo-Malayalam First Book , Tamil Second ” I 12 8000 263 2104000 Do Third II ¥a° 8000 248 1984000 ” Total Copies 241,115 Pages 20,328,630 i 3. The Book and Tract Depository, ) has been carried on by Mr. Krapf. He supplies 20 Branch Depots, and employs 12 Colporteurs in our Mission. The Sales from the 1st July 1880 to 30th June 1881 are as follows: 0 Of our own publications: 29305 Copies Canarese Religious Books & Tracts 1915 10 0 94 6 476 99 Tulu 29 79 99 29731 29 Malayalam 99 o) v) 1302 14 ] & )0 12 N\ = b 97 99 English 9 919 29 )0 4241 ) Canarese School-Books 1505 00 49 79 Tulu 99 00 5030 99 99 1247 00 Malayalam 346 99 English o 348 z (ayE (Nelpa@m) op 00 Of other publications: 44703 00 29 Engl. and Vernac. Books & Tracts 14808 6 4 0 1397 29 Rs. 2123713 10 )00 Of the above Books and Tracts, 12 Colporfenrs sold: )00 30926 Copies for Rs. 2090-1-9. )00 As to the results of the Colportage of Religious Books and 00 Tracts most of our Missionaries will find that A». Ziegler in Dharwar lends words to their experience. He says: 000 80 e In the country the preaching of the Gospel is better received than in towns. Last year we met in different places with attentive hearers. We find repeatedly that our Religious Books and Tracts not only find their way to places where one would hardly have ex- pected to meet with them, but that they are also read attentively. Such experiences cannot but act as a new stimulus and encourage us not to be tired in well doing. We desire to tender our heart-felt thanks to the Religious Tract Society, London, for the liberal grant of 300 Reams of printing-paper, and to the Madras Auxiliary Bible Society for 84 Reams. V. INDUSERIAL ANlD MERCANTILE ENTERPRISES. Weaving Establishments. Of these there are three, one each at Mangalore, Cannanore (with Branches at Tellicherry and Chombala), and Calicut (with a Branch at Codacal). They | have all had a prosperous year. We had the pleasure of welcoming back /7. Digel to his work. He arrived early in 1881. Mr. Schonthal, Manager of the three North-Malabar Weaving Establishments, was deputed by our Industrial Com- mittee at Home to visit in the interest of our Mission the 8 1§ “Calcutta Exhibition of Indian Arts and Manufactures”, to which all our Weaving and other Industrial Establishments 1§ contributed various specimens of their work. It was opened on the 4th of January 1882 and lasted for two months. The Carpenter Shop at Calicut, has done pretty well; 477. Benner, the Manager, however, has had a good deal of family troubles. 81 Tile-Works. Of these we have two, one at Mangalore The demand for tiles has (Jeppu) and another at Calicut. been so great that we have been forced to enlarge both Esta- blishments. In the Mangalore Works a steam-engine has been introduced, which was started on the 21st of November. Nearly all the Missionaries of the Station were present on the occasion, and special prayer was offered up. The Mechanical Workshop at Mangalore. Mr. C. Hittinger, f who has erected and conducted this KEstablishment under many difficulties, being forced to seek new strength in Europe, gave over charge to A4r. Slaib on the 1st of February. Mercantile Establishments. Of these there are Zkree, one at Mangalore (with a Branch at Cannanore), one at Mercara and a third at Calicut (with a Branch at Vythery). The influence, our Industrial Missionaries exercise on their subordinates and labourers by opening the day with morning i prayer, by explaining the Scripture portions read in a manner Iy suiting their understanding and correcting any wrong notions ] which may have taken hold of their minds, cannot be over- of rated. Besides, a good deal of care is taken-to make the Iy workmen provident and thrifty: a sick-fund and a savings-bank have been, for this purpose, started in most of our Establish- ments. )l Any help and assistance our Lay-missionaries may )il give us in the Congregations or by preaching to the heathen, the is in accordance with the wish of our Home Committee, and is thankfully received by us. t0 nts ned lig ol 11 82 e VI NATIVE HELPERS, Native Pastors. One having been pensioned last year, we have only severz Native Pastors at present. Catechists. We close this year with 59 Catechists and 16 Be- Evangelists, in all 75 against 69 on the preceding one. sides five students of the Mangalore Seminary (see page 74) three Evangelists have been installed. We mention with deep sorrow, that two of our Catechists, one of whom a very able man, had to be struck off the list on account of moral shortcomings. The Catechists belonging to each Station meet once a month, at most of their several head-quarters, for prayer, preaching and instruction. The yearly provincial meetings of Catechists took place in 1 South-Mahratta from the 28th of July to the 3rd of August § under Messrs. Thumm and F. Ziegler, and in Canara from the 8th to the 14th of October at Mangalore, Messrs. Mianner, Graeter, Walz and Hock taking part in it. N Our 75 Catechists and Evangelists are engaged as follows 01 DISTRICTS 1 g Parochial Assistants Out-stations Days Itineracy = School-work # Itineracy il Cahara—Coorg . 26 Ot W %O‘ ha: South-Mahratta 11 | B> ot g Malabar 34 3 S5 s 18 2829 to — — i 3 f(Dbre YO 132 Nilagiris hay of i B 14 | 23 | 30 | 4541 No. 2 are employed as assistants in Congregations at the different Stations. hag No. 3 are in charge of Out-stations and do Evangelistic and Itinerary work. No. 4 are taken up by Itineracy. No. 5 gives the days spent by the Catechists By in Itineracy and will help to the proper appreciation of work done in each e District. the; 83 —— When we bear in mind that each one of this little band is called upon to be a fellow-worker together with God, in an emi- nent sense of the word, we heartily wish they all may remember this fact and realize it in their work. The Lord Himself endue them with strength and wisdom “to minister the Gospel of God, that the offering up of the Gentiles might be acceptable, being sanctified by the Holy Ghost” (Rom. xv. 16). Christian Schoolmasters. There are now 77 Christian Schoolmasters against 70 of the preceding year. They are employed in our Boarding-, Parochial-, Vernacular-, Anglo- ;t Vernacular and High Schools. The Teachers of the different Schools Ireceive at their several Stations monthly instruction; they meet once a year I in their different districts to go through a regular course of In Malabar Messrs. Knoblock and { study in various subjects. Frohnmeyer in August, and in Canara at Udapy Aessrs. £ A. Zicgler and Hock from the 26th to the 30th of September superintended the scheme. Christian Schoolmistresses. We have now 26 Schoolmistresses, or one more than in 1880. They are employed in our Girls’ Or- phanages, Girls’ Parochial-, Infant- and Heathen Girls’ Schools. Heathen Schoolmasters. Owing to the increase in the .;;: number of Schools, the number of Heathen Schoolmasters has risen to 45 against 34 of the preceding year. 1‘:: Colporteurs. We have two kinds of Colporteurs: the one to hawk about our Religious Books and Tracts—of these we 9 have twelve men, paid by the Mission—the other for the sale ) of Scripture portions and Bibles. Of these latter Malabar has at present five men, who are paid by the Madras Auxiliary 0N Bible Society. Looking at the pioneering work done by both, otk 1ists we feel deeply thankful to the different Committees for finding eaCh their salaries. o 1% s 84 VII EUROPEAN LABOURERS. The list heading this feport shows the staff of our Mission- aries on the 1st of January 1882, We try now to give a short resumé of the changes which have occurred from April 1881 to April 1882, Ordination, Mr. F. Matthisser has received ordination on the 17th of April 1881, Reinforcements. Mr. & Mrs. Schmolck and Mrs. Kaun- dinya have returned to their old spheres of labour in Malabar and Coor Mr. F. Staib has been appointed to the Mechanical Work- shop at Mangalore, Messrs. K. Ernst and F. Eisfelder to Dharwar, Mp. F. Fischer to Honore, and Mziss 1. Mader to Mangalore for School-work.—The following Missionaries have § married during the course of the year: Miss H. Wolf was mar- vied to Mr. Kiihnle, Miss H. Lauffer to My. Weismann, Miss D. Ffleiderer to My. Hoch, Miss H. Haurt to Mr. Krapf, Miss Dfawu to My. Knausenberger, Miss Bofinger to My.Warth. t Pensioner. {l Mr. H. A. Kaundinya has been pensioned. On this account Anandapur has been placed under the same he charge as Mercara. 1 Departures. On account of failing health, Messrs. Thumm and Lzlze and their families left for Europe in the begin- hoy ning of March. I For the same reasons Messrs. Diez, Hittinger, Schenkel, and Walter and their families purpose leayv- 0b] fan ing in the beginning of April. The widowed Mrs. A. Ziegler and four little orphans will accompany them. Also M. & Wh o | Mys. Walz with two infants intend leaving at the same time. Sick-list. What we wrote last year about the improvement 1, Bay in the climate of South-Mahratta, we are forced to partly qualify, as, strange to say, most of our Missionaries and their tl’ay heat 85 — families have suffered a good deal from fever and other com- plaints during the year under review. Especially Hubly has been very feverish, at least the part which is inhabited by the Europeans and Native Christians. Messrs. Schenkel, Lutze, Knausenberger, Hasenwandel, and the following ladies Myrs. Litze, Mrs. Roth, Mys. Schenkel, Mrs. Thumm, Mrs. Ziegler, as also Mrs. Graeter, Mrs. Benner and Mrs. Mreg, have suffered more or less; some of them were near death’s door. But praised be God for His having spared their lives. We desire to express our heart-felt thanks to all our kind medical advisers and friends, especially Dr. Eyre at Mangalore, Dr. Cook at Calicut, and Dr. General Foseph at Cannanore. We beg to be excused the oversight that in our last year’s 0 Report we omitted to acknowledge Dr. M. Robinson’s kind 6 services to our Principal, the Rez. O. Schotf, when sick in Mercara in the beginning of 1881, i Deaths. Several of our Missionaries are sorrowing over f the death of beloved children. We grieve too on account of fh the deaths of Mr. Burkhardt, Mys. Ruhland, My. A. Zicgler ol here out in India, and Dr. Mogling and Mrs. G. FPfleiderer e in Furope. We subjoin a short obituary. Adolph Burkhardt, son of the Rev. Mr. Burkhardt in Basel, was il born on the 8th of December 1848. Hearrived in India as a Mercantile il Missionary in 1872. His humble, unpretentious, conscientious and it obliging ways endeared him to his fellow-labourers. During the 9V famine he assisted in superintending relief-works in South-Mahratta. lot ‘Whilst there he suffered much from fever, and after his return & to Mangalore in 1880 during the monsoon, from dropsy. He left Mangalore on the 7th of May 1881 to recruit his strength at e ot Bangalore. But the Lord willed that it should be otherwise. ‘Whilsé travelling by rail, Mr. Burkhardt took ill from the excessive ully heat shortly after reaching Palghaut. In Salem he was found hoil 86 A to have violent fever, and was, besides, insensible and speech- less. He was removed to a first-class carriage, as being more and a comfortable, railway-apothecary travelled with him to Jollarpett. The Rev. Mr. Deane of Madras, who was in the same compartment rendered all the assistance in his power, and as Mr. Burkhardt did not answer when spoken to in English, Mr. Deane addressed him in German, thinking that he might not know the former language. But he never spoke, and never rallied, and arrived in the same state at Jollarpett. The carriage at this place was shunted on to the Bangalore line, and the patient was not moved. Another apothecary was ordered to proceed with him to Bangalore, but a few minutes before the train started, he folded his arms and died. An inquest was held by the Tahsildar of Tripatore, and the evidence went to show that death was caused by sunstroke. Mr. D. Eppinger at Bangalore whose guest Mr. Burkhardt was to f have been, on hearing of his demise by telegram, came from Bangalore to attend the burial of the deceased. The Railway | Officials at Jollarpett rendered all the assistance in their power th while Mr. Burkhardt lived, and all attended his funeral. They g carried the coffin to the graveyard, where the service was read by thy the Station Master, and several ladies of the station sent wreaths of he flowers to be laid on it, and everything that could be done was done §tg on the occasion®™. [ We take this opportunity of thanking the Railway- ey Authorities, Railway-Officials and all who assisted our late oy brother whilst alive and befriended the dead when far away the The Lord who considers a from his kinsmen and friends. duy Woy cup of cold water given to his little ones as given to Himself, reward and bless them. wih Iion Elise Ruhland, neé Kocherhans, was born in Basel in 1850 and B0y came to Malabar in 1876, where she assisted in the Girls’ Orpha- In 1879 she was married to Mr. Ruhland, then nage at Calicut. * The details of his last moments we owe to the Bangalore Herald, which Day we acknowledge with thanks. ?‘Li 87 e stationed at Palghaut. During the hot season of 1881 she felt very nervous, especially so when the Anglo-Vernacular School-house in Palghaut was set on fire by three school-boys on the 6th of June She began soon to feel feverish. Her husband took her on the 10th for medical treatment to Calicut. The fever never left her. When she heard that the Doctor feared for her life, she quietly replied: “I should like to live, yet I am mnot afraid to die.” Shortly after- wards she most calmly gave her last injunctions to her husband, assured him of her salvation in Christ, and that she was not afraid of death. She called for her child, and after having solemnly blessed it, handed it over to her husband. Towards her end she found comfort in the beautiful verse of the German Hymn: “Ich bin dein; sprich Du darauf Dein Amen” (i.e. I am thine, say Thou to it Thy “Amen!” Dearest Jesus, Thou art mine), and on the 25th of May at 0 8p. M. she fell asleep in the Lord. Gustav Adolph Ziegler® was born on the 12th of March 1848 at 1y Méglingen in Wiirttemberg. After his eonversion, he wished to serve el the Lord in the Mission. He was received in 1865 into the Mission- ey house at Basel, and whilst he was studying earnestly for the Ministry, by the Franco-German war broke out. This rendered it necessary that of he should join in July 1870 the Depot of his Regiment, which was stationed at Chenneviers on the Marne, before Paris. After being sent né to head-quarters, he wrote: “The French whom the German army Y were blockading in Paris were making great exertions to break through our lines. 'What a wrestling it was on the 30th of November and on afe the 2nd of December! My Regiment had heavy losses, especially 73] during the second sally, after which half of their number lay dead and g & wounded. After the battle, I joined as a volunteer to render assistance ell to the wounded and bury the dead. I cannot give an adequate deserip- tion of the terrible sights I saw. The wounded were lying on the cold and ground in a biting cold till some should come to take pity on them.” ... . “When off duty, I assisted our Military Chaplain in distributing ph then * We extract from “Le Missionaire, Organe de la Mission baloise pour les ghich pays de langue Francgaise, paraissant le 15 de chaque mois,” a monthly, which we recommend to our friends acquainted with French. 88 New Testaments. Soldiers being in many respects different men in the field than they are in garrison, I was always welcome, no matter whether the man was a Protestant or a Roman Catholic, and even After his return into the Mission-house he treated with respect.” writes: “Although I have taken part in conquering an enemy, yet the enemy I will have to encounter as a Missionary is a great deal more powerful. Yet in the name of the Lord I venture to answer the call.” In the fall of 1872 he reached Udapy in Canara, where he was placed in charge of the Orphanage and, some time afterwards, of the Normal School. From 1874, when he married, his wife, Miss S. L. Beitter, looked after the domestic affairs of the Orphanage.. During the rainy season of 1881, he was seized with a malignant fever. On the 6th of October he was brought to Mangalore for the sake of medical aid. The sickness, however, gained head, and on the 17th of October with the setting sun his spirit was called away to be with the Lord. Shortly before his death he exclaimed in Canarese: “O what a glory!” asking those around him, “Have you not seen it? It was really beautiful!” ‘When we look to the boys of the Udapy Orphanage, we cannot but say they have lost a loving father and friend in him. As regards® his widow and orphan children, the Lord will also in their case fulfil His gracious promises. Dr. Herrmann Frederic Mogling,* the eldest son of Dean Mogling in Giiglingen, was born the 29th of May 1811. Even as an infant, ‘When little more than three he was gifted with precocious talents. years old, his mother died (1814), and yet he remembered certain verses of Scripture, and a short prayer that she taught him. He had a special talent for mastering the classical languages. When he matri- culated, a piece of German which was dictated, had to be translated into Latin. He, however, wrote it down immediately in that language and handed it over to the examiner, who exclaimed: “Macte puer” E (Hail, my boy). He passed the examination. Extremely fond of the Greek, Latin, and German poets, he forgot, as he confessed, the true 0] * Dp. H. Gundert has described the life of this remarkable man: “Herrmann Mégling, Ein Missionsleben in der Mitte des Jahrhunderts.” 1882. Iy 89 S He spent five aim of learning, and entirely neglected the Bible. years at the University in Tiibingen, a period which he afterwards denounced as badly spent. A good natured and loving companion, ahead of most of his fellow-students in abilities, he most unwillingly submitted to the rules laid down in the College. In 1834 .he “T was became Curate to his father who was then at Mdssingen. now in the ministry, and although I hated the insipidity of unbelief which I found in others, I was unbelieving and fleshly minded i) myself,”” he says. Desirous to know the members of the Congre- gation he made house-to-house visits, and thus he came in contact with believers. Their meetings attracted him. He obtained the 16 assurance that there is a communion of Saints, that the Holy )L Spirit works in them, and that the New and Old Testaments are 0 divine power and truth. It pleased God to reveal His Son Jesus t0 Christ unto him, and at the same time he felt called to go and In 1835 he entered the Mission- preach the Gospel to the heathen. 14 house, and in 1836 he was sent to South-Mahratta, where he helped to found a Mission Station in Dharwar. Here he learned 106 Canarese with great success so that he became a master of the language in after years. In 1838 he was ordered to Mangalore, rds 980 where he from 1838 to 1852, spent his full man’s strength. Conscious how much depended for the success with the Mis- sionaries on simplicity of life, and filled with enthusiasm to i i imitate the pattern of the Apostles, yet not exercising sufficient 1166 judgment, he was sometimes carried away by his good intentions. To become all to all, he was bent on coming down to the fall pad level of the Natives with respect to exposure to the climate and Atk their manner of living. His strong mind being backed by a powerful constitution, he thought he was doing right in walking ated 0a 26 or riding even in the heat of the sun great distances and in suffering e hunger, if necessary. He is said to have marched from Mangalore to Hubly, a distance of about 200 miles at one stretch, scarcely resting the L on the road, and only after arrival he lay down to a long sleep. In Mangalore he let out the Mission Bungalow on rent and lived in a native l m’mn hut, a little boy cooking his food in native style. Remonstrances 12 90 B of his fellow-labourers being of no avail, a visit of the well known Dr. Hiberlin effected his return to that way of living, most suitable to Europeans in the tropics. Mdgling’s chief work consisted first of all in his literary pursuits. He collected and edited under the title of ¢“Bibliotheca Carnatica” the chief Canarese authors, and next to the late Mr. Weigle, he took a prominent part in translating the Bible. Through his Christian books he became in the Canarese “He is also the author of 120 Church one of the first authors. Canarese Hymns. Especial mention deserves to be made of the Anglo-Vernacular School in Mangalore founded by him, in which he and Mr. Weigle worked conjointly with such success that on the 6th of January 1844 three Brahman youths were converted, in conse- quence of which there was a great commotion among the heathen and Mohammedans of that town. He originated also the Seminary for Catechists in Mangalore, where he educated several able men who still cherish the memory of their able and loving teacher. It must, however, in strict justice be said that Moegling, who did not succeed in becoming a Native himself, did perhaps encourage too much European ways in his pupils. As a preacher in the bazaars and in Church, before Heathens and Christians he was indefatigable and attractive. He also originated the ¢ndustrial pursuitsin our Mission, | and thus he planted many a useful seed for the benefit of the Native Church to be cultivated by his successors. In spite of his great learning, spiritedness, and of the fact that he originated severaj important branches of our Mission-work, he in true Christian humi- lity confessed his many imperfections. Yet to those who demand of Missionaries a special display of spirituality, he could say: “We are men of like passions with yourselves.” In 1852 a Sanyasicame down from Coorg and was baptized by Mogling. He followed the man up to Coorg, severed his connection with the Basel Mission, and carried on his work supported by English friends, till the Basel | Committee took up the work in 1858. He founded a large School which became afterwards the Government School in Mercara, and in 1856 he originated a Christian seitlement for the despised race of Holeyas, a caste of slaves, at Anandapur. At the age of 45 he 9l e In 1860 married the widow of his friend and step-brother, Weigle after 24 years’ work in India (interrupted by 2 furloughs home) he returned to Europe for good. At home he was at first agent for our Mlssmn at Frankfurt o/m (1861-62), then he was rector of Gruppenbach (1862-69), when he married a second time In 1869 he took his discharge in order to devote all his spare time to the tramslation of the Canarese Com- mentary hich he was only able to carry as far as Proverbs xxvii. 5 a Chapter beginning with “Boast not thyself of tomorrow for thou knowest not what a day may bring forth,” when his Heavenly Master bade him come up higher In the spring of 1881 shortly after the Con- firmation of his youngest daughter, he was seized with a severe inflam- When a friend visited him, he told him with some mation of the lungs difficulty I am being weighed in the balance and I am afraid hat I shall be found wanting.” “True, but Jesus is surety and covers the deficit.” the friend replied, when Migling with an animated countenance rejoined “O yes, He is able, He can and will ‘v When the prayer was offered up that he too may be found in heaven on that great day with all the blessed ones, he answered with a weak but firm voice, ““Amen, be it so on the great day to which we look forward.” He breathed his last at Esslingen on the 10th of May 1881 being nearly three score and ten years old In Dr. Mogling our Mission loses another of her Pioneers Not only the Native Church, but also his successors owe him a great debt of gratitude His Missionary zeal and his un- selfishness, which put his shortcomings into the shade, de- serve to be acknowledged and imitated by all When we look to the Churches which owe most to him, we exclaim Churches in South-Mahratta, Canara and Coor “remember the end of your Teachers!” ;1 Johanna Caroline Catharine Pfleiderer was born in Ludwigsburg Her father, Medicinal (Wiirttemberg) on the 28th of October 1839 if Privy Councellor, Dr. A. H. Werner, when she was young, founded a children’s hospital at Ludwigsburg, and thereby showed to his 0 12:% e children how a living Christian, ur;ged by the love of Christ, forgets himself in being spent for the welfare of others, in the relief of their bodies, and in the salvation of their souls. Her natural gifts and piety were well developed, especially in Kornthal, where the Rev. Mr. Staudt and a number of teachers exer- cised a good influence on her character and where she found a congenial element in a circle of pious young girls. She was a teacher in an Institution at Ecclepans, when she married Mr. Gottlob Pfleiderer, the General Agent of our Mission in Mangalore, at the close of the year 1859. After coming out to India, she lost no time in learning Talu. She began her scholastic work with the superintendence of the girls of the Congregation in needle-work. -Later on she related Bible Stories to them. She was a good singer and inspired her pupils with a love of music. But this did not satisfy her; her heart yearned for the conversion of the heathens. ‘With this object in view she assisted in the Brahman Girls’ School in Mangalore. Although she eventually became the mother of a large family to whom she gave a full share of her time, she was ever busy in doing good. She had not the title of Zenana Missionary; but, as a matter of fact, she spent many an afternoon in the families of her pupils, where she was al- ways welcome. She was called in emergent cases, not only to the families of Missionaries and of our Native Christians, but also to those of Roman Catholics and Heathens. ‘Whenever sufficiently well her- self, she was ever ready at any hour of the day or night to assist her suffering sisters, many of whom owe their recovery, next to God, to her skilful management. Her husband being ordered to return home in 1880, she accompanied him after 21 years’ faithful work as a deaconess. They went to reside at Basel, where her husband was appointed head of the Indus- trial and Mercantile Branches of our Mission. In February 1882, she took ill with inflammation of the lungs. All her friends thought she might recover; but she seems to have known from the first that her end was approaching. All her children, to whom she had spoken one by one and exhorted during the day to 93 e lead a life pleasing God, were gathered round her bed in the evening, when she sang with them the Doxology: “The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ ete.” adding in singing : “ Hallelujah, Amen, Hallelujah!” After this (at 9 ».m.) she began to wander and fell asleep in Jesus at 9 .. on the 20th of February 1882. In concluding our Obituary we ask the Lord to comfort all, who grieve, and to heal the wounds He has inflicted. Conclusion, At the end of another year we praise God for His faith- fulness and mercies and ask Him to continue with us and to teach us His ways. We thank our friends héartily for all their sympathy and help, and beg of them to lift up praying hands for us and to support us in our wants. Let us all be up and doing His glorious work. May the Lord soon bring about the time when «the kingdoms of this world are become the kingdoms of our Lord and of His Christ; and He shall reign for ever and ever.” Hev. x1. 15 Amen, )} o ERRATA: p. 14, the total of first column (Ordained Missionaries) is to. be 46, 'Y instead of 45. dv p- 40. 17. 1. b. read 4 Ordained, instead of 5, m n t0 Expenditure of the Mission | —during the year 188l. — AN A e Rs As Personal Expenditure of the Missionaries (exclusive of the Industrial and Mer- = cantile Brethren) . 69,963 Journeys and Home-Passages 31307 Munshis 1,278 Native Pastors, Catechists and Evangelists 91,222 Postages 1,053 Libraries . 249 fd Special Reliefs 142 Medical Expenses 1,287 Schools, English and Vernacular 91,518 Orphanages, Boys’ and Girls’ 20,763 Catechist- and Preparandi Schools 7,754 Buildings, Repairs and Rents 9,198 Ut = Ot U~ O = i Ol O Purchases of Compounds 1,730 14 Taxes and Agricultural Outlays 1,774 Publishing and Colportage Department 2,600 Furniture — 1,399 Administration 3,110 (::j et e S en il Hop il (8 S SO iy o) a0 s Klemlis i o) i ew) Total Rs 196,383 10 () i, & O, F Mangalore, 31st December 1881. . % %&é&% . o S ———— SUBSCRIPTIONS AND DONATIONS TOWARDS THE MISSION FUND Received during the year 1881. Rs As Rs J. Janni Esq. AT MANGALORE. 100 C. Miiller Esq. z H. 8. Thomas Esq., Madras Brig. Genl. H. O’Connell, C. Marcks Esq. 10 Ootacamund 100 . L. Latham Esq. 10 J. Sperschneider Esq., M. D. Gustav Reifferscheid Esq. Trevandrum 94 2 James Macdonald Esq. Rev. Dr. H. Gundert, Calw 50 H. B: J. Sturrock Esq., Mangalore 20 G. C. Gilder Esq. Part of the late Mr. Burck- Simon Macdonald Esq. hardt’s effects 50 1 0 Rev. J. G. Deimler é Siclc ciciclc oo o c o o000 o000l Deimler, Collected by the Rev. ¥. G. Bombay. By the Rev. A. Manner. 120 II. Conder Esq. 25 J. W. Best Esq. James Kingsmill Esq. 10 J. Sturrock Esq. 20 J. Brandenburg Esq. 10 W. C. 8. West Esq. 29 Col. Benwell 26 W. Mackinlay Esq. E. Miller Esq. G. J. Boyd Esq, 20 J. Neuberg Esq. 25 J. Spencer Esq. W. Williams Esq. C. Millet Esq. F. Rowland Esq. 10 R. S. Anderson Esq. § ol iilcnt S et el (e e e aian DS e OO O R ) James Bapty Esq. AT MULKY. J. Hutton Esq. W. Carroll Esq. BB 0. AT HONORE. Pickering Clark Esq. H. W. Graham Esq. é R. E. Candy Esq., Karwar 30 Theodor Knaust Esq. 10 H. Todd Esq. ” 5 J. Macfarlane Esq. C. P. Wiltshire Esq. Edmond Charpie Esq Col. C. F. Mac'Gillvery P. Graham Esq. Surgeon Major C. F. Peters g :5: OSSO QOO S O OGSO O S D SESHGES & OO OIS NS IO OIS Ol (D) E. F. Candy Esq. 20 oSO o o o oo oo o S Geo. Richardson Esq 96 —_— Rs As l) Rs. As AT MERCARA. For Lighting of the Chapel. Col H. G. Thomson J. W. Reid Esq. 10 Col. W Hill 24 ) The Brethren of H. M’s. 76 6 Rev. G. Richter 24 < 2nd Bedford Regiment 24 C. Soobiah Esq. Mr. A. Brockmann 22 AT TELLICHERRY. 120 W. Wright Esq. 24 J. W. Reid Esq. 24 A. Gover Esq. 100 E . Meynell Esq. F . B. Dickinson Esq. 12 AT CALICUT. J . Green Esq. 20 36 240 P B e e R T Rev. A. Fennell W. Logan Esq., C.s T) Dr. M. Robinson SISO DO S S SNONO O BN D OO SIS H. Wigram Esq., C. s. 180 G. Mae’Watters Esq., C. 8 50 hif AT DHARWAR. 25 V. A. Brodie Esq., c. 8 N Major Hay Rev. J. Sharp 24 (o C. Wiltshire Esq. H. D. Cook Esq. M. D. i6 % C. A. Anding Esq. 50 G. Henke Esq. Lo W. Jukes Esq. 0. Eckelmann Esq. 48 12 Th K. Laxton Esq. F. D. Dinviddie Esq. . J. R. Middleton Esq. 25 30 W. Gantz Esq. My E. H. 50 W. Morgan Esq. 24 25 A F. Summers Esq. G. Madden Esq. 24 L. Buyers Esq. 50 LD S & © Qi O OO REER D. 8. Gilkison Esq. J. B. Lushington Esq. M. Scott Esq. 10 =) (=i eo) am e el () Major Ketchen Rev. J. Higgins (31050 N2 (er) ool oo @I (O OO NS O ool O OO IO LN ON S AT PALGHATUT. ok My AT CANNANORE. P. Ratnavelu Esq. 12 1 Genl. J. H. Prendergast J. E. Dupen Esq. 112 T. E. Elsworthy Esq. Major A. J. Hutchins = Pt el 0 ) Major S. E. Weston o H. D. Robinson Esq. 19 N Mr. John Porter, A. S. M. J. Tyrrel Esq. M. E. Gay Esq. My Pay Master Sargeant Maxcey 10 Col. W. Rowlandson 2 J. Tomlinson Esq. R H D DY Oy HE RO S L OT Dr. General Joseph J. K. Gorman Esq. Udal V. A. Brodie Esq. — pp = -~ < I Capt. Yule 9 D ONOND OO (O QIO D ez B (o G (ool =) oo () Mr. H. Webb J. Sanderson Esq. 0y Mr. W. Foster 1\[ 1 (i;f; S OH OO SR @ RO NG OO SE S ISNE O OO PRSI AT KATT Y., Or Mr. Ch. Stocking, Wynaad J. Ch. Puddicombe Esq., Th. Onslow Esq. 80 8 o Manantoddy 20 J. Hodges Esq. HUno; Re 3 (o) -] | Rs - 5 o @0 Alex. Allan Esq. C A S 35 J. H. Latham Esq. M.r. 1\ 1. .Hill Mrs. Breeks 50 3 & ¢ St WO W. E. Schmidt Esq 10 Mr. S. Antony 10 Bishop Sargent B. G W. C. Rhode Esq. 10 Mrs. Gray ot W O P. Flanagan Esq. 5 S. Honeywell Esq. Mrs. Foulis 10 L. B. Lady Home 20 [\9} (L SR S DO OO E0ON OO c o0 oo oo ool A. 8. Cowdell Esq. Mrs. Sinclair A. Griffin Esq. 5 ®OISISISORO IS D OO IO c o000 0o o0co0ocood AT KOTARGIRI. The Honorable W. Hudleston, 20 Ag. Governor of Madras 50 =) S W. Woodhouse Esq. Rev. Mr. Morley o & (=) () Edw. Kindersley Esq. 5 N. A. Roupell Esq. 20 = (&) Mrs. Johnston (%) Miss Cockburn 50 2 Collection at Zion's Chapel, Ooty ) 0 thro’ J. Hodges Esq. 22 Mrs. D. Cockburn 30 g ) 0 Lord Bishop of Madras 50 R. F. Phillips Esq. 10 0 Th. Stanes Esq. 100 25 0 00 J. G. Hill Esq. 00 J. G. C. Herklots Esq. W. F. Macfarlane Esq. 10 00 Mrs. Hayne Mrs. Griffith 0 A Friend’s Mite :;;, (el e fie) = ey i em gt o) OAS SIS OIS, From a Mission Box 00 38 12 (e} el il ol e o ) (o) e ) ] 0 =3 55 e 0 0 Donations from Membhers 0 0 of the Congregations and other Native Friends. Mangalore: Mr. Digambur Dalarga 2 g 0 Mr Jacob, Pudukotta, Mr. 8. Bunyan, Honore S, p 0 near Cochin 39 10 Mr. J. Sonna [0.9) =) 0 Mr. Lucas Joshua 12 0 (=) Anandapur: o0 Mr. Thomas Pearl 9 0 (=] 34 Mr. Samuel Anthony p 0 Mulky: Mr. David Kore 24 g 0 Rev. Daniel Aaron 0 Dharwar: Mr. Dschaiwa Loker 4 00 Udapy: Mr. Samuel Loker =) ﬂﬂ Rev. Diego Fernandez Mr = Lot Hery 0! Orphanage Boys Mr Abraham Boragai Middle School 0 § My Daniel Utengi Orphanage Pie Collection Mr Bharma Honemise Shirwa Congregation Q0N an & O :83 COEHED O O Mr Timotheus Isaac Homnore: Mr Satyarthy Kaundinya RS eiionl IR o e O Rev, Titus Costa, Karwar 10 Mariawa Banawasi no SISO D OIS O DO — D OO e et e ND 98 i i ten Rs As p Rs As P Devapria Kondaya 0 4 0 | Cannanore: Workmen and Gnanappa Gonjala 0 Women of the Weaving Establishment 61 Hubly: 18 8 Salomon Karai’s first pay 3 Members of the Congr 12 Manantoddy Congregation 5 Bettigerry: Chombala: Elisabeth Padiath 3 < o o o o Ad Members of the Cong: Women of the Weaving Guledgud: Establishment Catech. Immanuel Furtado 1 A Hindu at Mahé Joseph Bellagallu Mr. Timothy at Mahé Paul ” Mr. Willy Allen Mark Rangaradja Catech. Gab. Pirachen 0 [y Ananda ” Sunday School Boys Amriti Havala R BED OO LD w Ot W = N = O O Boarding School Girls David Muschtagana [0 0] From prayer-meetings o | 3] o) < Immanuel Nirmanika Calicut: P. O. Pothan Esq Catech. Sol. Devada Kard @S D © NSO EE O Mr. Joseph, B. A. Ratna Kuri Mr. J. Chittayagam Stephan Sagare Palghaut: Congregation J. N. Mathaya Kaity: Abraham Nagarahalli Kotargiri: Mr. Samuel Mully Buddhivanta Gudasalamane Mr Daniel Bella Maria Hosamane % O D I @D~ GO S SN O O HI@T @@ O E O RSO IRCONNCS Mr. Jacob Kanaka D i O DN O W q D T D O O@TMONS DL WNIOH @ @) IS e IO N D @, Subscriptions and Donations for Schools, Orphanages and Famine Orphans. DHARWAR. (13 = e Rev. J. Higgins Young Ladies at Basel 69 12 A Friend 2 HUBLY. Major Hay W. 8. Price Esq. M. Hampton Esq. J. F. Muir Esq. ii A Friend 200 W. Jukes Esq. BETTIGERRY. I.. Buyers Esq. A Friend 200 E. H. S (=) Dr. D. Cardoz 10 F. Summers Esq. J. R. Middleton Esq Y S GULEDGUD. Major Ward SLOIS SIS DL S, A Friend 200 0 =) J. M. Francis Esq. (5 G55 C. Blathwayt Esq., Kaladgi 20 DD DD = Ot e Ot ot S O QSISO © O QIO O —Mc’Allum Esq. = D H. Barret Esq. § 99 S As Rs As I) 100 CALICUT. E. Hosking Esq. J. F. Yates Esq. . Aitken Esq. 25 s 2 Dr. Dalal Z . Brodie Esq., c. s. E Grove Esq. 20 F. Hearn Esq. 20 SIS I E):.) J. Dawson Esq. 2 SO0 D I’g Mrs. Ferguson, Nellampur KAITY. CANNANORE. H. B. Grigg Esq., Director Brethren of H. M’s. 2nd of Public Instruction 20 19 Mr. Th. Roberts Bedford Regiment Donations for the Sickhouse at Mangalore. Acknowledged by Th. Digel Esg. W. H. Comyan Esq. 20 Major Cox 11 0 0 Capt. W. Wicks J. E. Boyd Esq. W. Best Esq. 60 N. :N. 2 0 W. E. West Esq. 29 E. Millet Esq. 8 0 Miss Anderson M. E. A. 0 J. Ball Esq. Mr. Thomas Pearl Mr. L. Joshua 10 0 Mrs. Ward Col. Benwell 29 N. N. 9 (g) J. Sturrock Esq. 18 SRS O © O RO IO O SHOTS O S O OTO O Donations towards the erection of a Chapel at Padur. A Friend 100 0" 0 Through Sabhapatra 10 0 Collection in Zion’s Chapel A. Planter through at Ooty 78 0. 0 Rev. Ch. Eble 30 (e} Subscriptions towards the Mercara Cooly-Mission Fund. Rev. A. Fennel 100 | A. J. Cole Esq. 0 100 18 F. Mangles Esq. | H. Jameson Esq. W. F. Simpson Esq. 10 B. Speechly Esq. 10 W. Scobie Esq. 20 G. Wood Esq. 10 C. R. Nicolson Esq. 10 S S O O ((g)} Th. Gibson Esq. Th. Craig Esq. Z o © O © © < (e (= = o e i e S ) | 13% 100 e Contributions of the Congregations (“Qhurch Tax”). Rs AsP . Rs As. P. 5 4 0 70 15 Mangalore Bettigerry Mulky 96 = Guledgud 76 6 Udapy 105 Cannanore 115 14 Karkal 10 58 Tellicherry Kundapur Chombala 51 Honore Calicut 145 Mercara 11 =y Codacal 48 12 Anandapur Palghaut 28 14 Dharwar 25 10 Kaity Hubly 54 (opi il 22 e (0 ofiei(em)iii(o s} ] Koo o e i | S0 I OO IS Ol Kotargiri 22 14 S O 0 O 0 O 0 O v © Grants-in-Aid. MANGALORE Balmattha Girls’ School, for 1880 195 Do 4-‘ Boys’ School, for 1880 Nireshwalya School, for 1880 46 14 Brahmin Girls’ School 52 12 Town School, Canarese 286 Balmattha Girls’ School, for 188 i 176 Do Boys’ School, for 1881 . 60 12 Nireshwalya School, for 1881 35 Brahmin Girls’ School 103 -F 593 [e—y Boys’ Anglo-Vernacular School Girls’ Boarding School 103 MULK'Y Parochial School . ° 24 Do School, Utchila 12 UDAPY Boys’ Boarding School 216 0 84 ANANDAPUR Parochial School . DHARWAR Girls’ Boarding School 184 Anglo-Vernacular School. 465 97 Boys’ Elementary School . HUBLY Boys’ Boarding School 136 - Parochial Girls’ School 50 Heathen Vernacular School 114 BETTIGERRY Girls’ Boarding School 216 Boys’ Vernacular School . GULEDGUD Boys’ Boarding School 126 Koshtapete Primary School 64 25 S @ 00 OO G0 00, 0. 00 O IOl O © N © S0 o CoCore 9 oo ® 0900 O Oc O O OO OND Parochial School . 101 Rs As ik CANNANORE Parochial School Mulil School 85 14 Chowa Parochial School o T 233 1H TELLICHERRY Boys’ Boarding School Parochial School, for 1880 and 1881 . 152 sl Parsee School 543 12 67 Vernacular School at Fxsher Village Anjerkandy School CHOMBALA Girls’ Boarding School 433 13 826 CALICUT High School, Salary Grants Result Grants 621 Result Grants for 1880 220 150 For Chemical Apparatus Heathen Girls’ School, for 1880-81 98 ot Pudiangady School, for 1880 49 365 [y Girls’ Boarding School CODACAL Parochial School . 99 Paraperi Boarding School ° 30 86 S O O O W PALGHAUT Anglo-Vernacular School, for 1880 Parochial School 13 = Heathen Girls’ School 25 21 Kannani School 09 Anglo-Vernacular School, for 1881 Kannani School, for 1881 83 26 o Parochial School . ° ° 19 Panayur School KAITY From Local Fund Board © 192 54 S O O B OO O @ OOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOCCDOOOOObd Do. do for the New Schools NN N AN NN NN e i INDEX [ O N age List of European Missionaries 3 » » Stations and Agents 6 1 Agency . 14 Statistical II Pastoral Department 15 Summary 11T Educational Department 16 Report e e 18 I. The Native Church 19 1. Converts from Heathenism J 2. Outer and Inner Growth 28 3. New Undertakings 39 1k Evangelization 40 IIIL. Education 66 IV, Literary Department 75 I 1. Original Works and Compllamons (o 2. The Printing Press 76 3. The Book and Tract Deposﬂzory 79 V. Industrial and Mercantile Enterprises 80 VI Native Helpers 82 VIIL European Labourers 84 Conclusion ° . 93 Expenditure of the Mlssmn in 1881 94 Subscriptions and Donations 95 % e B —— — = = & o T = a2 | gl o % Ziei o e i s s 5 S £ son STore W 5 i AR B e Lo s S 75 S % o S Sazaat e e A, i I o ST ey SRR, e o i SRR G Pt 50 2o R e e e s o AAA o e 2 Aok R T XD o AR s O ., G RS, Vi e e e ) ” s T S s LI R 5 Yot ey ws e el it wiotem e s e ol St ioter o " . Fnts el e ek e SR S a v e S et SR MG N, R iy SR 2 o bt % T 2 PRI, ey PR i G 3 NI e o e ) e 5 o ) Lo s L i o0 e S L, A ot Pt o o ente e H Socmcn s oA AT e ) R s S e L 0 e 2 et 37 e e i S ol o Tl S iy et e e Fadass Sy A o e AR e SR 0 ot % S S . ot ey T o s S e R, o R ot DA, LY T Ehy Ao D s ey SAAC Ol aEl & e s R iy o e, gy = o Lot s TR et o o e e e o e, s S 2 S s 4 e =, o e e < i e P o o o i, it AR N e e et e, L s o, ...M.m DTN ot P L e SRS o o LS b ey S e RO e AT o s 97 = SRS S o Y Sorlns, G S St e ) s, o = s e s Fas e e sl S, e s ARy Rt iR T2 Sae f~,“ 3 e T P SRR o 2 o TR ) A UL o o R s s S e s AT % St "G e, i o ST ety el S N, B ey s 2 et S e i i) it Ll ot s N S, 2 Sy Sy s S st A5 Fo KT 3 Coae R ) R K A ey Y e o 21 S 0 £ o ot S v R0 e er Tyt e (et R T TR T oMAA o 2 S G e A AT AL R e i v e e L L o e e Sk .M.; A o St AT e e e S T, ot s O o Ry ST e it o, 2 o e, e G, s W g 75 o S T, C e Sl o s 2 2 AR e L <y o a2 o oy : oy = T RS S o > < s o o, 5 52 o e, e ot e S of et SR SRILE S oo o Gt st S, e ey Sk o e = o ATt S S Sl e S, et e Ry s s e et 2, S e e En e R LAt .Xwﬁ Ky o DERAD e . i sy o R Jou 5 o e e Sy Fact Ao SN S s s s e wid s W A e o 20w e L By e el A S, S e OO Ees i %o SN o s e .(a. o s ) e s AT AT RS o SIS S Ao RN oy ey = e 53 it el irne) SO T, oo ey ate, o et Ao e L s ey e s L, e, e % e e o Ry Lo P e oo o g, PSS, e o e R s s - bt g DDA 3 T o R R 2 o SR S < e G S A, e oot e, ARt S L) e, T AR e e e, T, e s, o o o o, e e S St Sl T o NS L o > o o RGPS e e oo e e o e o el RGN oo 2% o ol N Yy R as SR e T A e L -2‘«. S s el e e ' N e - 3 gty P e, e O i R T = R o, A e S AR i i o ! e i oy 2 R, o} e, Tty S Zho o phuh et e 2o it R e o ) 2 s o % > & R o w- e o s S s e e i e o LA s X T L R L, Ao L, ) o, e e i 3 ot e rﬁ- ey D R RO L C Za Tty ey o S 2 T Sl %{. PN S Yutiet: e KThyads "o R Poeon Sor s, s o> R R e e o e e ST i e ety e, 5 o) . SR ATy R 0 e sy e et ey AR e L s eriate b o Sy AL, i . S s, S SN i o ) e oty A N e S = o s R s IO G e N Ao NG e S A e N RS 7 Nors i o L oo o o R o o = s e e s s % LT e, o e o < o ) T e Y S 5 St 2 e e, e A S S % SRASET R S o 3 Loy e o o SN ™ P e A, o e .m., S S R Loiiste, R tm“. £ Lt s o eteiay 2 i NN S o et ST St ik o PRS2 s v ) o S e o 1 5 = . 7 ot 29 ..V%H »h& £ e .%W._ o & >3 21 2 % g a il i kol A 5 > N Mw,w £ B ) i . b5 t = =y i o 2 % i s &%@ s W <5 % i Mase ) ‘@f S i i e b e e " & i L ot % 0 S, S . 13 F 5 o S W b i 7 2 e e S P i e i W 3 w.;w X o s & BT »»ﬁ» i i S A i Sy o < e ¢ b 5 3 S % ot N i = G o & i o %0 &t i % A i g 4, A o7s o o e £ - & 3 o < S L e Ry il = 3 L e i o £ o X P 9 B DAL W = s 35 o e € s 3% s - T Y e i 30 , & i s s et s P A e g e R 4 B b4 K 50 5 = X Yk s ke v o Ses e o Vmwk g o 28 = 3 S & 2 i e E 5 € £ il e -t 2 P i ol o e % & i =4 e o ] 5 & Pori- Gl L s & 1 FLE é = FORTY-SECOND REPORT Q 2 VierFarbSelector Standard * - Euroskala Offset OF THE L= Balance o o BASEL GERMAN 0 Focus ; EVANGELICAL MISSIONARY SOCIETY N IN i SOUTH-WESTERN INDIA = X 11 2 FOR 10 o 1881 (;5 =N A VeV ) 6 : 5 e é 4 MANGALORE 3 PRINTED AT THE BASEL MISSION BPRESS 1882 2 1 w Copyright 4/1999 YxyMaster GmbH www.yxymaster.com