GkVI162-3_1837
author: Rhenius, Charles Theophilus EwaldandSchaffter, Paul PacifiqueandMuller, J. J.andLechler, Johannes Michael

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THIRD

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HALF-YEARLY REPORT

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OF THE

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GERMAN EVANGELICAL MISSION,

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IN TINNEVELLY,

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TO THE END OF JUNE 1837

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THIRD HALF-YEARLY REPORT

1

OF THE

@Grerman Evangelical FHission

IN TINNEVELLY,

TO THE END OF JUNE 1837.

As another half year is closing, we have much pleasure in giving

to our Christian friends a brief description of the present state of

our Mission.

It shall be but brief, as we purpose giving this time,

as an Appendix, some extracts from our journals since the com-

mencement of 1836 ; which we trust will still be interesting, and

excite our friends and supporters to fresh prayer and praise.

I.—MISSIONARIES.

We continue the same number as before, excepting the addition

of Mr. Josiah Rhenius, who in May last arrived safely from Kng-

land, and is pro tempore, making himself useful in the Seminary.

1I.—CONGREGATIONS.

The Congregations were according to our last report in Decem-

ber 1836, as follows:

Families 2071 containing 7005 souls in 206 villages.

At the end of June 1837

the total is Families, 2129

do

7262

do

214 do.

seeoeevosec 00 v

58 families

257

souls

Increase

8 villages.

In making such a list every half year, we are not prompted by

a desire of boasting in large numbers—but simply by a desire of

order, and knowing statedly whether we have advanced or retro-

graded—the one will stimulate to praise, the other to prayer. We

should of course like to have to record thatthe many hundred

thousands of this Province had cast their idols to the moles and to

the bats, and turned to the temples of the gospel : but, mere num-

bers do not satisfy our minds, if the healing and sanctifying influ-

ences of the Holy Spirit be not apparent—yet, their forsaking

idolatry for christian instruction is not to be despised: it is the

first actual step towards the great work of sanctification.

We are happy to say, that the divisions in the congregations are

lessening ; the people either turning all to us, or to the Church

Missionary Society.

It is for this reason, as well as on account of

a few entire congregations having left us for the sake of worldly

advantage, that the increase is not larger.

There have been 80 baptisms in the course of this half year, viz.;

19 men, 22 women, 39 children.

The Lord’s supper has been as usual dispensed here in Pallam-

cottah, and also in several places in the country on our journies

among the people.

A subject which is deeply engaging our attention, is the support

which every congregation should render to its native teagher.

2

Third Half-yearly Report of the

That the people ought to do so, even if we had millions of rupees

at our disposal, is true ; and that they cannot expect their teachers

Sconer

continually to be supported from without, is equally true.

or later there must be a change in this department of the mission

work in India.

The only question is, how far this can be effected

now 2 It will be recollected that 4 or 5 years ago, we introduced the

payment of one kali fanam (or about 1 rupee) per annum, by every

family joining the Christian Church; and in the last six months,

a sum has come in for that purpose—but even if every family were

regularly to pay the gospel fanam, scarcely the ninth part of the

annual expenses for the catechists will be defrayed; and to demand

more from them at present seems nearly impossible.

1. Because the majority of the people are poor.

e

)

Because in most congregations the number of members is

still too small to be able to support a teacher.

3. Because many of those among them, who are not exactly

poor, are still too covetous to do all they can for themselves and

their neighbours.

4. Because the practice, hitherto obtained in all the missions,

has been to provide their teachers with the needful support;

which it will be hard to change; particularly if all Missionaries

do not agree to make the change.

5. Itis to be feared that many of the poorer members though

truly desirous of christian instruction, yet weak in faith, might be

tempted to backslide, were the contribution absolutely demanded

from them; and,

6

It is also to be feared that if the practice were introduced at

this time, the heathen will be checked in coming forward to re-

nounce idolatry and to be instructed in christianity ;—for the love

of money is too strong in them to allow them to make sacrifices

that e very outset—particularly, as they have to expect losses and

troubles of variouskinds,in consequence of embracing christianity.

It was perhaps for this reason, that Paul would not be supported

by the congregations in his time, “lest the gospel be hindered.”

It will be said that the catechists might, in imitation of St. Paul,

labour with their own hands for their support; but itis well

known, from the political state of India, that a native cannot bring

himself to two kinds of employment, and if he be obliged to labour

for his own and his family’s support, itis nearly certain that his

spiritual efficiency will be greatly diminished and distracted, so

that, in the absence of extraordinary gifts, the work will not in any

degree prosper.

We make these observations, to show to our christian friends

that the subject is under consideration, and we trust they will

unite their prayers with ours, that the Great Head of the Church

may enable usto carry this important measure forward, at least

by degrees—incline also the hearts of all other Missionaries to do

likewise—and fill the catechists and people with perfect willing-

ness and holy zeal to become as much as possible conformed to the

primitive churches in all things.

III.—CATECHISTS.

There are now 107 catechists labouring among the people, there-

fore three more than at the end of last year. Their spirituality and

3

German Evangelical Mission.

efficiency is matter

of great solicitude to us. In most we have

—two have resigned the

cause for rejoicing—some are weak

work from a sense of inability—two o

thers have left it from a

bad conscience, and three have been dismissed for carelessness.

IV.—SCHOOLS.

At the end of last year there were

54 Schools under proper masters, and

22........under catechists

}Total 76 schools.

There are now,

48 Schools under proper masters

92

do.

44 ,.......under ecatechists

2

Increase 16 schools.

This increase, as it will be perceived, is not in the regular school-

master-schools, but in those conducted by catechists, and there-

On the contrary the regular

fore involve no greater expense.

schools are less by 6—as we discontinue those schools, the masters

of which do not properly exert themselves, or appear not to be

well inclined towards christianity, and do not therefore answer

our design. Besides the paid schoolmasters there are

8 Ushers among them as assistants and

12 ......among the catechists.

Total 20 ushers, who receive from 1 rupee to 23 rupees per

yensem, as a remuneration.

The number of scholars was in December last...... 2583

There are now in the 48 regular schools 2115

2692

ditto

in the 44 cacechist

do.

S7T7

2

e, ey

Increase

109

3800

1796

The average daily attendanceis...........

The female schools go on as before: the female seminary con-

tains 33 girls ; the girl school in Tinnevelly has 25 girls, and that

in Nganapooram 10 girls.

There are also 6 girls learning in

Kongalarayakuritchy, and 11 girls in Anandapooram; at the other

schools 45 girls attend: so that the whole number of female

scholarsis 130; 16 more than at the end of December last.

These

130 girls are included in the above total of schools.

V.—SEMINARY.

Tl;e 25 youths mentioned in the last report, continue to be in-

structed as before, with the exception of two who have been re-

placed by others.

Those two have accompanied our much esteem-

ed German friend, the Rev. Dr. Gundert, to one of the northern

districts; whither he proceeded in March last to commence a

mission, with our best wishes and prayers for the Lord’s blessing

upon his future labours.

The half-yearly examination of the Seminarists was held on

June 30th.

The 1s¢ class, consisting of 6 boys, had much improved in Eng-

lish reading, translating and grammar; they gave satisfactory

answers to questions put them from a grammar of geography in

English ; in the mathematics they exhibited considerable skill in

4

Third Half-yearty Report of the

working propositions, and in understanding the subject. In He-

brew and Greek they have made tolerably good progress: reading

these languages is still difficult to them, but they are pretty well

acquainted with the etymological part of the grammar ; also with the

Native Tamul grammar, (the Nannool) they are familiar.

The 2d class, consisting of 10 boys, have likewise made good

progress in English reading and parsing; also in European arith-

metic, in which they have come to reduction.

They are well ac-

quainted with the abridgment of the Tamul grammar.

The 3d class, of 7 boys, and 3 others, day-scholars, and the 4th

class consisting of 2 boys and 4 day-scholars have made consider-

able progress in Tamul reading, grammar, and arithmetic; in

English spelling and reading Murray’s spelling book.

In scripture knowledge, with chronology and the evidences of

christianity, all the classes have made respectable advance—the

work on Evidences has been finished by the two first classes; but

they require perhaps reading it a second time.

VI.—PREPARANDI CLASS.

There are now 16 men in this Preparatory class. In the course

of this half year, they have read the epistles to the Ephesians, to

Timothy, and Titus, and are now in the Galatians, they have been

instructed in the old testament history, and in the law of Moses—

we are now in the book of Leviticus, which is highly interesting to

them, as it gives them much insight into many of the religious ce-

remonies of the Hindoos.

VII.—FINANCES.

On this point we shall not say much now, as this will be done,

God willing, at the close of the year. We mention it to the praise

of our Heavenly Master, that according to our need he has hitherto

supplied our wants. We do not expect always so large a surplus

as our 2d report exhibited—neither is it necessary. But our friends

must be aware that that surplus has by this time been expended,

and we therefore request them, and indeed all the people of God

who have a sincere desire for the enlargement of their glorious

Redeemer’s church, not to abate in their remittances, but with in-

creased exertion to support the great work intrusted to us.

VIIL.—-MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS.

1. With reference to our last report on this head, we have the

pleasure to state that the bungalow in Saviseshapuram, has just

been finished ; and that the expense for it is about 1220 rupees.

It has three rooms and one hall, with a verandah and the needful

outhouses; the roof is thatched. Brother Miiller hopes to remove

to it as soon as possible. As for the erection of the other bunga-

lows, intended to be built in the east and west, we must wait till we

receive the needful supplies.

2. Tracts and portions of the scriptures have been distributed

as usual. At the great idol-feasts during this half year at Trit-

chendoor in the east, at Pavanasum in the west, at Tinnevelly and

¥

similar places of less note, the good seed has been widely scattered.

Many hundreds if not thousands of heathen have heard the word

of salvation. May we find it spring np even after many days !

5

German Evangelical Mission.

In May and June we sent two men of the Preparandi class, with

the message of the gospel, and tracts among the heathen. They

made two journies; in that southward, they visited 29 heathen

villages, and distributed 386 tracts, in the other eastward, they were

in 12 villages and distributed 258 tracts, they conversed with

many people of various castes—and were on the whole well

received, in some places only the

people were unwilling to

hear. In one village, an old man, being very desirous of knowing

the true God, and having heard what they said of the Saviour,

wept, and begged them to speak to him more concerning the

Saviour. We are sorry to say that the Roman Catholic priest in

Pater near Tinnevelly, who had been reported to us as a very

liberal-minded man, has actually been tearing parts of the Tamil

scriptures, and tracts, and permitted his people to do the same.

It seems that even the best of these men cannot refrain from ex-

hibiting the real spirit of their mother church—which, we believe,

must in the end work only against themselves.

Some heathens

also, at the beforementioned idol feasts have torn Tamil tracts.

We now proceed to give extracts from our journals of 1836, on

which we would only observe that we have omitted many particu-

lars relating to the extraordinary troubles of last year, for reasons

which will be obvious to our friends.

¢ Glory, honour, praise and power be to our God for ever and

ever.”—Amen !

C. RHENIUS,

Stndupoonturie,

P. SCHAFFTER,

Tinnevelly,

J.J. MULLER,

J. LECHLER.

July 3, 1837.

%

Exteacts from the Fownal of &, T. L. Whentus of the pear

1836

January 1st.—We had a pleasant celebration of the new year.

The congregation was large and became larger in the evening.

In the morning I preached on Rom. xv.33. “The God of peace

be with you all ! Amen!”—In the evening expounded Rev. xix. Of

course our present circumstances made our meetings peculiar, still

they were comfortable and strengthening through the grace of our

Lord Jesus Christ.

We earnestly implored his grace upon us all,

and also on our opponents, and devoted ourselves afresh to be His

peo

ple.

5

th.— This evening the brethren Schaffter and Miiller with their

families and our children arrived from Arcot.

The catechistswere

still here, and were not a little rejoiced tosee their old friends

again; and we joined together in thanks and praises to our cove-

nant God for all the mercies shown to them on the road. Our

house is now quite full. Last night I had the pleasure to baptise

three men and two women ; who desire to be followers of Christ.

16¢h.—Last night I left on a visit to the congregations in the east.

This morning arrived at Panneiviled, where we have twenty three

families, my tent became the house of prayer.

In the conversa-

tions with the people I was glad to find them willing to be despis-

Third Half-yearly Report of the

ed, and thought meanly of, and to let every

heart and every house

become a temple to the Lord.

Also a number of heathen from

the neighbouring villages were present and heard the word, At

the meeting in the evening we conversed

on the affairs of the king-

dom of God in the world.

17th.—Lord’s day.

ple, which was atte

In the morning I had prayer with the peo-

nded by many heathen.

I discoursed on Dan.

ix. 7. “ O Lord! righteousness belongeth unto Thee, but unto us

confusion of faces.”

At noon we took out one of the sides of the

tent, and spread it in front over the ro

The assembl

pes so as to form a pandal for

the people.

y was large, including many from the

neighbouring villages,

all desirous to hear the word of God.

I

read the 28th Psalm, Matt. iv.; and preached on Heb. iv. 9. % There

remaineth a rest for the people of God”—which

appeared to com-

fort the people in their present troubles. In the

afternoon the chil-

dren came together both from this place and from Narukaren

Kudiyiruppu, with whom I had a conversation

on some parts of

the catechism with prayer.

In the evening the people came again

together for prayer, w

hen they asked me to exh

ort them to be pa-

tient; which I did from Matt. v. 3, 10.

18th.—The people having met once more,

I preached to them

on Gal. v. 6. ¢ In Jesus Christ neither cir

thing, nor uncircumcision, but faith which

cumcision availeth any

worketh by love.”

In

the evening returned to Palamcottah.

22d.—1In the evening I went to

Tinnevelly and met our congrega-

tion in the catechist’s house, wh

dren.

ere I baptized one of their chil-

Several heathen came to see and hear.

23d.—We went to pay our respects to Bishop Corrie, but did not

find him at home.

27th.—Our catechists and schoolmasters

are coming in from

the country.

20th.—Seeing no prospect of coming to an amicable adjustment

of this Mission’s affairs, we, the catechists and other christians

from the country devoted ourselves anew to our Lord Je

sus Christ,

to go on under his banners,

and to trust in his care and protection

for the enlargement of his ch

urch in these parts.

We had the fol-

lowing two texts to comfort and strengthen us:

viz. “ Be strong

‘““and of good courage and do it: fear not, nor be

dismayed ; for

“ the Lord God, even my God will be with thee;

he will not fail

¢ thee nor forsake thee, until thou hast finished all the work for

¢ the service of the house of the Lord”’

(I Chron. xxviii. 20)—

“ and, being confident of this very thing that He which has be

gun

“a good work within you,

will perform it until the day of Christ.”

(Phil. i. 6.) It was a solem

n hour.

Hearts and hands were lifted

up to our covenant God. In the strength of these promises we

venture to go on to do the work allotted to us for building the spi-

ritual temple of Jehovah in these parts. Let us be called * the

German Kvangelical Mission in Tinnevelly.”

3lst.— Lord’s day. Divineservices as usual.

In the evening we

had the Lord’s supper. -

February 9th.—From Elayirampannei, in the north, about 40

miles from hence, an a

families, for a catechis

pplication came in the name of twenty three

t, as they desired to renounce idolatry and be

instructed in the wor

d of the true God. Three Roman catholics

are among them. I was in this place about a year ago, when all was

Germah Evangelical Mission,

7

in heathenish darkness; some persons then seemed to hear the word

with attention. May these people’s desire and motive be pure!

As the place belongs to the Maniyatchi zemindar, we may expect

troublesome opposition there.

15th.—Lord’s day.

Most of the men of our congregation in Tin-

nevelly were obliged this afternoon to attend at the Tahsildar’s

kutcherry.

18¢h.—T

he Tinnevelly congregation has beenmuch distressed on

account of the loss of their place of worship; and being a large

town it.is very difficult to get another ground for a new chapel.

Catechist Asirvadam came this forenoon, and related that the peo-

le had been very much cast down last night about this state of

things; they had however comforted themselves in the Lord. To

their great and joyful surprise this morning the heathen headman

of the weavers (formerly their enemy) came to them and said, “ I

hear you are greatly in trouble about a piece of land; there is my

ground, if you like you may purchase it and use it for your pur-

ose.” According to the rate of the street, that piece of ground

would cost two hundred and ten rupees, which the owner lessened

by forty rupees—to one hundred and seventy rupees. Our people

acknowledged the kind providence of the Lord in their distress, and

immediately came with the owner to finish the purchase. We are

lad too, and bless the Lord.

20¢h.—Last night left with brother Lechler to visit the congrega-

Here

tions in the south. This morning arrived at Kalunguvile:.

the congregation is divided, with us are nineteen families. On ac-

count of the loss of their chapel, they are much distressed; and

still more so about the opposition made to their building another

prayer house. They assemble together either in a house, or under

the shade of a tree in the street.

Now we came together in our

tent. They were cast down, we endeavoured to comfort and encou-

rage them with the words of the Apostle, Phil. iv. I, 6.; and they

were encouraged to endure trials; to be humbled and to be exer-

cised in patience.

In the afternoon we went over to Kaludoor, where there are

twenty-three families, without any division. They came together

in the temporary shed, which we built for them.

I preached on

2 Cor. iv. 16, 18. ¢ Though our outward man perish, yet the in-

ward man is renewed day by day, &ec. &c.”

Many of the people

are still very ignorant in divine things; but they are willing to be

instructed. Some years ago, this congregation much declined in

number, &c. through the shock which the death of several of them

gave to them,and which was increased by the devil’s devotees, who

in their state of anxiety told them that the devil-samy had done

this evil to them for their having forsaken him. By this delusion

many of them returned to heathenism; butnow they see their er-

ror, and return to be instructed in the word of God.

21st.—Lord’s day. FKarly arrived in Vannikullam. Here also a

division has been effected.

However the majority of fourteen fa-

milies remain steadfast.

They are now assembling in a shed.

In

the morning I had prayer with them; the larger meeting was at

noon.

Many of the people appear hungry after the word of God.

One of them gave us very proper and comfortable answers to our

I preached on Heb. vii. 9.

questions about the present distress.

“ There remaineth a rest for the people of God.”

In the afternoon

8

Third Half-yearly Report of the

went to Edimoly.

Here are at present but five families. We as-

sembled under a pandal.

The aged Kareiyalen (a high sudra

caste) the chief headman of the place, still a heathen, a strong Si-

vanist, but always very friendly towards us, came to see us and ex-

pressed much joy.

I endeavoured to make him attentive to his own

soul’s salvation, and to press upon him to pray earnestly for grace;

as, though he is friendly towards christianity and praises it, still

he appears to be perfectly content with his heathenish Vedanta

doctrines.

He said that we should have now a prayer there on the

spot. I asked him what I should pray the Lord for him ? He said :

“ to give me good understanding and a good heart,” and so we did.

It

May the Lord hear us.

Many other heathen were present.

was an interesting hour.

From thence went to Pudoor, where are

fourteen families.

Being evening, we assembled under a tree;

many heathen hearers surrounding us.

1t was a comfortable meet-

ing.

The people were encouraged.

It is certainly surprising to

see them bear all their present troubles and losses so well.

Itis

by the grace of God.

22d.— Arrived at Pudoor; about ten miles south of the former.

Here are about forty families under instruction, there is no division.

In the morning and at noon the people were together, with many

heathen, whom we endeavoured to make understand the things of

God. Their minds require a good deal of ploughing. About one

hundred families here, are still heathen.

Towards the evening I

had a conversation with them in their street;—and then went to

Karikovil, likewise a large place.

The congregation consists only

of fourteen families.

We assembled

in the headman’s house.

Though the people are still much behind in knowledge, yet I had

joy among them.

One man could intelligently repeat the whole ca-

techism. The heathen are still very wild and unruly. Their head-

men are wealthy; I have had several times very earnest conversa-

tions with them ; but they continue to despise the counsel of God.

23d.—Arrived in Sekkadiviley, where is one of our oldest congre-

gations, without any division.

There are forty-four families under

instruction, and eight in a neighbouring place.

In the forenoon

we had a very interesting meeting with the people, where I had

the pleasure to baptise two men, one woman and one child. One

of the men is sixty five years old, near his grave; the other man is

his son, and the woman his son’s wife.

They appeared to us to be

truly converted to God, and to trust solely in the Lord Jesus Christ

for salvation.

May their names be written in the book of life !

In the afternoon we proceeded to Saukiyapuram ; where is a large

congregation of more than forty families.

Three families have

been separated. The former are greatly troubled by the demand

to leave the place, more particularly as it is not easy to obtain

speedily another ground for them.

Their troubles account in a

degree for want of knowledge of divine things which we found

among them; though many of them desire to live unto Christ, as

We endeavoured to excite them to

far as their knowledge goes.

greater diligence in this particular, and not to allow their outward

troubles to interfere with faith, love, and hope.

24th.— Early went on, and stopt at Komatikose:, where our peo-

ple from Anugragapurem assembled with a large number of hea-

then, in the street.

I preached to them and then went on to Pat-

9

German Evangelical Mission.

chery, a fine looking village of weavers. Here are no heathen, \and

no division.

In the forenoon, the catechists and headmen of seven

neighbouring congregations came together here—and we had a

large assembly before the tent, in the shade of the trees.

A chapel

is not yet built here.

I had a searching discourse with the people

about their motives in embracing christianity and their expecta-

tions from it.

The expressions of many were really in the words

of the Apostle, that christianity is profitable for the life that now

is and for that which is to come.

Men and women were all ear;

and though they are still ignorant of many particulars of the gospel,

vet they appeared most scarchable, and I would preach to them

with pleasure.

The visitors from those seven places, all wished us

to come to their villages ; but this is impracticable this time.

To-

wards the evening we went to Padukkeipetty.

Here the congrega-

tion consisted of thirteen families; but a division has been effected,

so that there are now nine families with us.

The chapel, towards

the building of which I gave seventeen rupees soon after my re-

turn, is not yet finished. The people came together with many

heathen; when I exhorted them all most earnestly to peace and

union.

25th.—This morning arrived at Anbinnagaram, a christian vil-

lIage of one hundred and ten families, no division; but they have

many troubles.

Early, the people came together for prayer.

I

spoke to them in Job v. 19 ; “ He shall save thee from six trou-

bles; andin the seventh, no evil shall touch thee.”

At noon the

Great at-

congregation came together ; the chapel was quite full.

tention prevailed. Towards evening we went to Dharmanagaram,

a christian village of twenty-five families ; no division ; we had

a large assembly in front of their prayer-house.

A Sudra from

Vayiram also was present—expressing a desire to leave idolatry

and become a christian, together with his family ; but I am not sa-

tisfied with the state of his mind. I preached on 1st Thes. v. ¢ Re-

joice in hope; be patient in suffering, constant in prayer.”

Leav-

ing them, we stopt at Visuvasapuram (¢. e. the village of faith)—

a christian village, without any division,

The people were wait-

ing and ready to hear the word of God; their hearts seemed to be

open, and I could preach to them with pleasure; they seemed to

have faith indeed. May the word preached be bLlessed to them all!

From hence we were called to another congregation in the neigh-

bourhood ; but I was obliged to desist.

26¢h.—Early arrived at Tatchamoli (or Satankullam) both make

one town.

Our congregation here has lately had a considerable in-

crease from the heathen.

In the morning and at noon they were

together for prayer, with many heathen; to whom I preached the

word. May it have fallen on good ground!

The people here re-

quire much labour.

In the evening stopt a few hours at Asirvada-

puram, where there is a division.

Our people assembled before our

tent, and heard a word of exhortation with attention.

Four chil-

dren were baptized.

27th.—This morning arrived at Palamcottah, and found all well.

This was an interesting and I hope a useful journey. According to

our purpose, before we set out, we hardly spoke with the people

about the causes of the present troubles; except privately when bu-

siness required it ; our chief and delightful work was to preach the

word and lead the people to Christ and faith in him.

10

Third Half-yearly Report of the

" Mavrch 1st. The Catechists have assembled, with whom T was en-

gaged yesterday and to-day.

Fifteen new families of Kalande-

pannei have cast away their idols, and request to join the christian

church, of these six or seven men are here, with whom I had as

usual, a searching examination of their motives.

They appearedto

be good ; but their knowledge of their real wants is still much

confined.

3d.—A lengthened conversation with the cateshists about the

Lord’s supper.

A new chapel has been erected on our lately pur-

chased ground in Tinnevelly.

Some difference between the ca-

techist of Sorandei and his congregation. Until the matter be adjust-

ed he is suspended from his office.

7th.—Went to the villages close by our compound, and twice ex-

horted the heathen to seek the grace of God.

8th.---This evening went to our new congregation (from among the

heathen) at Rajah Kudy, of the shoemaker caste.

They lately re-

quested to be instructed. They had been much addicted to drinking

and quarrelling, but now they seem earnestly to desire to lay those

evils aside as well as their devil-worship. Also an old woman

among them, who several years ago told me that she had no objec-

tion to go to hell, is now apparently come to her senses.

13¢h.—Lord’s day.—Divine services as usual.

In the afternoon

T went (with the judge’s permission) to the jail, to have prayer with

our imprisoned people, who were very glad of it. Returning home,

1 preached to a crowd of people in the street near the jail.

18th.—To day our smaull chapel in Tinnevelly was opened. In

the evening we proceeded thither and had prayer and praise. I

exhorted on Isaiah xii. 3

“ Behold ; God has become our salva-

tion, I will trust, and not be afraid.” The place was quite full, and

many heathen were standing about and listening. May many be

born here !—to-day we had distressing news from Kadatchapuram

and Anbinnagaram.

- 20th.—Lord’s day. This forenoon we opened our newly built

chapel in our compound.

Itis pretty large, but of humble materi-

als.

Until now we had service in our house.

23d.—Went to Tinnevelly, and preached first to the people in the

street and then to the congregation in the chapel. We now disco-

ver that on the ground which we purchased for it, there is an idol,

which has been long neglected, but has now roused the attention of

the heathen to make again a pujah there.

It is very unpleasant

and awkward; but we ought to have considered it before we

bought the ground. I have directed our people to be quite still

as no doubt the inimical heathen have revived the occasional pu-

jah of it just because we have christian worship there.

26th.—We resolved on setting apart every Friday evening for

a Missionary conference, to consult together about our mission

work, to lay our wants before the Lord in prayer, and to praise him

for his mercies.

29¢h.—Last night left home on a visit to the congregations in the

neighbourhood. Early ‘arrived at Kongalarayakuritchy. Brother

Lechler had reached the place before me.

Here is no division ; but

the people are still much distressed by the inimical heathen and

moormen.

We assembled in a shade erected near the old chapel ; even this

is not yet finished, because the enemies have forbidden the carpen-

German Evangelical Mission.

11

ier to work for them. At noon the people were again together,

when we had a pleasant meeting by reading the 94th Psalm, and

meditating onit. I enquired alsointo the state of those who desired

to be baptized. Notwithstanding the many afflictions which they la-

bour under for years, they appear to be comforted by the word of God.

The afflictions do them good, and are acknowledged to be deserved.

Towards the evening we went to Tadenkullam, where there is a

small congregation.

There is no division ; six families assembled

under trees.

After examination I baptized four men, three women

They have been long in the

and two children, total nine persons.

christian church, and endured many trials. Indeed the opposition

of a bramin who is the land-owner, prevents the increase of this

congregation. Whilst returning to Kongalarayakuritchy, we passed

through Karunkullam, the property of many bramins; one of whom

in particular is long knewn to me and behaves always very friendly

towards us and our people. I stoptin their street, when alarge

number of bramins came together, to whom I preached. But the

hearts of these men seem always to be shut before the truth.

About nine o’clock in the evening we reached again Kongala

rayakuritchy, where we had another meeting with the people ; of

whom I had liberty to baptise twelve men, eight women and seven-

teen children, in all thirty-seven persons.

They have been about

ten years in the christian church. Speaking about past events,

the headman acknowledged that in the beginning they had em-

braced christianity, chiefly for the sake of wordly advantage, which

they however did not obtain ; still being instructed in the word of

God and reading religious books, their minds became gradually en-

lightened, and they held fast their profession from choice, notwith-

standing all the afflictions they had to endure. It is for our sins,

said he, that the Lord has punished us.” We were together till near

midnight, in the front of the chapel, under the canopy of heaven,

with fine moonshine.

May the Lord hear our prayers and praises,

and establish this people in the faith !

30¢h.—This morning arrived at Streevygoondam, a heathen town

with a large pagoda, which has always resisted the introduction of

the gospel ; though the people have often heard it, and received

also many tracts.

Lately there came several families from Valam-

kudy, a small village in the neighbourhood, belonging to a land-

holder in Streevygoondam, and requested for christian instruction ;

bat I just hear that they have changed their minds, partly through

the influence of the land-owner, partly through superstition, as

one of them got lately sick of the fever, which was ascribed to the

anger of the devil-samy, whose worship they had begun to for-

salke. In the morning I had a discourse with a number of heathen,

whom 1 met near the river; but their hearts were dead.

A few

tracts however were distributed.

In the evening I went to 7"ru-

pulankudy, where there is a small congregation of seven families.

‘Their chapel is locked up.

They are of low caste ; though they

have been instructed so long, still they are unfit for baptism. Their

present Catechist is of still lower Caste, whom the heathen will

not allow to come into their street ; it will be necessary therefore

to remove him.

I bad asearching discourse with the people, and

it was made out, that they still allow themselves to speak little lies,

little thieveries, bad talking and quarrelling, also now and then

12

T/él")‘d Holf-yearly Report of the

drinking liquor.

I endeavoured to excite in them a hatred of those

things, and a determination to leave them off as well as the grosser

sins.

The heathen headman was present, who testified of these

things against our people, the latter acknowledging them, and

appearing humbled on account of them.

The headman how-

ever declared that one of them, Sandappen, was free from all such

practices.

31s¢t.—This morning returned home.

April 1st.—Friday. We read and meditated on the history of our

Lord’s Passion.

3d.—Lord’s day. Theresurrection of our Lord engaged our special

attention to day, and gave us fresh encouragement to follow him.

The chapel was filled, and many heathen attended both in the fore-

noon and in the evening.

4th.—The catechists being here for the monthly assembly, T ques-

tioned on their knowledge of scripture, &c. &c. Some were deficient.

Towards the evening a respectable heathen Naiker of Tinnevelly

came, and showed a great desire to know the gospel. He is well

acquainted with the writings of the Hindoo sages; but his soul

seems to feel the want of some thing more satisfactory than that

which those writings afford. He attended prayer this evening.

6¢h.—A number of catechists in the south have not come in, be-

cause of the troubles in their quarter.

From the heathen village

Vaniyenkinnattuvilei, a messenger came to request for a catechist,

One of the head schoolmasters has earnestly requested for bap-

tism.

I had encouraging conversation with the new people from

Palankullam, who are to settle on a picce of land we are obtaining

in the neighbourhood. The new christian village is to be called

Anandapuram, i. e. the village of joy.

In the evening we had a

comfortable enjoyment of the Lord’s supper with our native bre-

thren.

7th.—This forenoon two respectable men from Tinnevelly came

to ask for books ;

the one was a bramin and the other a soodra.

We entered into a religious conversation, when they sat down. The

bramin appeared to be well acquainted with our christian books ;

he spoke of Christ as the only Saviour, and of a new heart by the

Holy Spirit.

He took a small Tamil book on Holiness as a pre-

sent ; and purchased the evidences for Christianity (in Tamil) for

two rupees.

13th.—The Lord having graciously provided for the education of

my three sons, Charles, Timothy and Frederic, by a dear servant of

his, in Madras ; I and Mrs. R. accompanied them in their journey

thither to the first stage. The parting scene was most affecting ; but

they are in the Lord’s hands. Whilst they went on northwardly we

went eastward to visit our congregation at Kallatilinaru.

They

are nice people. They worship under a pandal, lately erected near

it. In the evening we had a prayer meeting together, when I bap-

tized four of their children.

The christian families from Aiyaram-

petti also were present.

I putto them all this enquiry—¢ whe-

ther they have true faith ?”

They are of low caste, but the word of

the Crossis not vain among them ; their conduct is honorable to

the christian name.

Leaving them late in the night, we passed

through Paravilikullam, where we found the Mirasdar with many

other heathen waiting for us; they brought us some sugar and milk,

13

German Lvangelical Mussion.

ness.

and accepted in return a word of exhortation with a tract on holi-

14th.—Early reached home.

20¢h.—To-day!nine or ten heathen from Etimoly came ; they are

old acquaintances of mine ; they have often heard the gospel ; but

they still prefer Sivin, and the riches of this world.

I read to them

alarge part of the forty-ninth Psalm, and endeavoured to make them

seek the true riches.

In the evening I went to Tinnevelly, and

preached to our people, and to many heathen in the street.

22d.—Last night I left on a tour to the east, to see some old and

new congregations. This morning I arrived at Patakarei, where

there are now seven families.

The people are very busy at their

The

palmeiras.

At noon they were together with many heathen.

heathen headman of the place gave a good testimony to the

christians.

I asked him, “since christianity makes people good,

why don’t you also become a christian ?”’

He said, : “ By and by 1

also shall get a mind for it.”—The women in particular appear to

love the word of God.

Towards evening I went to Retchanyapuram ; here a division has

been effected. Our congregation consists of ten families. We as-

sembled under the canopy of heaven.

From Sedukuvaitan the

school-master came with four men, who desire to be instructed in

There are

christianity.

It is a large place in the neighbourhood.

many more of the same mind. These persons said that they had

heard the good books used in the school, by which they had be-

come desirous of embracing christianity.

I discoursed largely

with them and the whole assembly about salvation ; they were re-

markably attentive.

23d.—Early arrived at Pansyenkinaruvilei a heathen village, ten

miles south of Patakarei, from whence lately a messenger came to

Palamcottah to ask for a teacher, three families have begun to

learn the scriptures.

The rest appear to be very shy.

Excepting

one man, the others are extremely ignorant.

Teaching them may

Two headmen from

be aptly compared to ploughing tough clay.

the congregation in Semarikullam came to see me.

One of them

was four or five years ago made a Mohammedan at Padukeipetty

on account of worldly considerations.

Now he is persuaded that

Mohammedanism does his soul no good.

In the afternoon five

men of this place (viz: Vaniyenkaruvilei ) returned from their pal-

meiras, and requested me to have prayer with them, before they go

again to their work. The women would not come near but stood

at a distance and heard what I said to the men.

Their igno-

rance was extremely great; the terms God, soul, sin, holiness,

heaven, hell, atonement, &c. Ihad to explain to them most mi-

nutely.

They were however convinced of these facts ; viz.

that hitherto they had been labouring only for their bodies, that

their present life is full of trouble, and that- it is a fearful thing

to die. May the discourse be blessed to their souls! Light is spring-

ing up in their darkness.

In the evening I had again prayed with

the people.

After that, the headmen of Semmaricullan came and

asked for a catechist.

[ had a long and interesting conversation

with them.

Also eight or nine heathen men from the neighbouring

villages heard the gospel.

14

Third Half-yearly Report of the

24¢h.—Lord’s day.

Early arrived at Paravenkuritchy, where

we have a new congregation of six families.

It is a large place,

full of heathen and moormen.

Some months ago the headman of

our people sold us a piece of land for forming a christian village.

A small prayer house with three or four huts, was immediately

erected upon it; but a few days after, in the night, a number of

people surrounded it and broke down every thing, carried the

materials away, and made all level with the ground, so that in the

morning no trace of the buildings appeared.

This could easily be

effected, as the soil is sandy.

Of course it was done upon the insti-

gation of the heathen headmen.

Afterwards the latter came to

terms, and refunded the expense.

Early in the morning the people

came together at my tent for prayer.

At noon some also from

Nalamtulah.

In the atternoon the chief heathen men with many

attendants, came to see me; to whom I made known the grace of

God in Christ Jesus.

They took some tracts.

20th.—We early went on and stopt for a s

hort time‘ at

Nalamtulah, where there is a new congregation of the low caste.

There is a quarrel between them and the heathen about the devil’s

temple ; to the former I strungly recommended, frecly to relinquish

every space in that building. Then arrived at Kottankadu, where

there is a new congregation of fifteen families, and a school of

about twenty children, which promises well.

I instructed the peo-

ple in the morning and at noon.

They are still raw materials, and

require a great deal of labour.

In the afternoon I paid a visit to

Kulasegarapatam, a large town on the coast containing many rich

moormen.

Their labourers are heathen, among whom a congre-

gation has lately sprung up. They had prepared a shed for me in

front of their street ; ten families hitherto devoted to Satan and

every evil work were ready to hear the word of God.

Some of

their women also were present, but they were very shy.

Many

other heathen and moormen were drawn to the spot by curiosity.

The people had been made attentive to christianity through the

catechist of Kottankadu.

The

It was an interesting meeting.

people seemed most willing to forsake not only ihe devil’s worship,

but also all their other wicked practices, among which there is also

drinkingarrack. May the Lord be gracious to them and enable them

to do so!

From thence I proceeded in the evening to Kareinkadu;

where there is a small congregation of seven families.

They have

professed christianity for two years ; but I found them still very ig-

norant. The troubles during the last six or eight months have

I preached to them

kept them back ; still they are without excuse.

on “ Seek ye first the kingdom of God,” &ec.

As the people of

Alagappapuram close by here, were waiting for a word of exhorta-

tion, 1 rode over, and preached to them on “The minding of the

flesh is death; but the minding of the spirit is life and peace.”

There are twenty families here under instruction.

One man [ found

lying sick from a dreadful flogging which the Maravers had given

him. Near midnight I returned to Kareinkadu.

26th.—Early we arrived at Uyarattukudiyiruppu, where we

have fifteen families.

In the morning and at noon I had dis-

courses and prayer with them.

The people were attentive and

ready to receive the word. During the day I had a visit from an

influential headman of Udeippookudiyiruppu ; who had been main-

German Evangelical Missioa.

favt

[

ly instrumental, a few years ago, in raising the war between the

Shanars along the coast, and committed much wickedness, but was

cunning enough to keep himself from trial’s way.

For some time

he has been much afflicted with sickness; all his devil-samies have

not been able to relieve him. Now he came to have prayer offered

up for him to the Lord Jesus Christ, to heal his body and his soul.

He freely acknowledged his wickedness.

I gave him suitable ad-

monition, which was concluded with special prayer for him.

May

the Lord Jesus magnify his holy name also in this sinner!

In the

afternoon received information of the serious illness of one of our

daughters in Palamcottah.

27th.—Reached home.

The patient was better.

Found a letter

from a friend with some jewels from a lady as a gift to this mission.

‘Would that many other ladies follow her example!

Another letter

was from a large number of the congregations in and near Tanjore,

which have seceded from that mission for several years.

They

earnestly request us to take them under our spiritual superintend-

ence.

This is the more remarkable, as they have hitherto counted

me as one of their greatest enemies, because of my making a new

translation of the scriptures in Tamil, and because I never would

countenance their love of caste, and their shows at marriage, &ec.

&e.

We scarcely know what to do, as our hands are quite full.

If they will not renounce these things, how can we ever agree to-

gether!

30th.—Saturday. The catechists assemble. In the evening mis-

sionary prayer meeting as usual.

In several places the congrega-

tions have increased.

May 2d.—Five or six men from Sedukuvaitan are here to request

for a catechist.

One of them is a physician, and apparently a well

informed man.

I had a long conversation with them ; they seem

to have no other motive but to know the only true God and obtain

his favour and heavenly bliss.

1172.—This evening I spent in Tinnevelly ; preached first to the

heathen in the street before the chapel, and to our people inside;

especially how we may cast all our cares upon the Lord. They

needed to have pointed out to them the difference between being

diligent in business, and being anxiously careful about it.

The

heathen have enquired of our people whether we also have man-

We have answered

trams, i. e. formula of prayer, incantations, &c.

the Tanjore congregations, that as they have separated from the

Tanjore mission chiefly on account of caste and worldly shows at

their marriages, &c. we could not possibly agree together, as we

also cannot countenance these things, as they well know; and that,

if they say that they renounce them, they should inform the Tanjore

missionaries of the same, who would no doubt gladly receive them

again into their communion.

We encouraged them greatly to do

80.

12¢h.—Several heathen and moormen came to see me and heard

some good words for their soul.

18th.—This evening spent in Tinnevelly ; preached to our peo-

ple about “ Christ within the hope of glory.”” The heathen had a

separate discourse.

June lst.—There is still much evil work in the district.

We re-

solved to make special prayer for peace, every Friday evening this

month,

16

Third Half-yearly Report of the

7th.—A grey-headed and worshipped Pandaram (seventy-five

years old) in the neighbouring village, came to have a conversation

about spiritual things.

He is reputed a holy man.

He has not

worshipped idols for many years, but allows others to do so; he

has all along dispensed holy ashes to the people, though he was

aware that it was perfectly useless.

I asked him, what he had

been worshipping so long *—He said, * the only divine Being.”—

And what is this divine Being ?—He said, * the soul within me !”—

He afterwards seemed convinced that this is a mistake.

I intreat-

ed him to think seriously about his state.

12¢h.—This morning I arrived at Sedukuvaitan, thirty miles east

from Palamcottah; a small town belonging to the Ramiseram tem-

ple. There are about three-hundred houses moormen, thirty houses

Roman catholics, and one hundred and fifty houses heathen. Among

the latter the gospel has found an entrance, twenty families (includ-

ing two Roman catholics) learn the word of God; a school of thirty

children also is thriving ; a chapel is building. The people met

for prayer this morning, noon and evening, with many heathen.

The women are still very shy.

13¢h.—Still in Sedukuvaitan.

I fixed on a piece of land here,

either for a bungalow or for a village; the heathen owners are

willing to give it for a reasonable price.

During theday I had con-

versations with various people from the surrounding villages,

christians and heathens.

Our small congregation in Erel, a large

place in this neighbourhood, does not yet thrive, owing to the con-

tinued opposition of the heathen headmen, who do all they can to

hinder christianity from getting a footing there.

14¢h.—This morning went to Seevanandapuram : the people here

have lost their shed which they formerly used as a place of wor-

I had much

ship; but have now instead of it a nice little chapel.

pleasure in baptizing here old Abraham, with Sarah his wife and

their three children from Serveikarenmadam.

The state of their

mind gave me much pleasure.

This evening [ spent in Panneiviler,

where adivision has been effected. Examining into the state of

our people, I was glad at the degree of knowledge which they have

of divine truths, and their desire to walk according to it.

15¢h.—This morning arrived home.

25th.—Several respectable heathen in this neighbourhood come

frequently to see me and to inquire about spiritual matters.

They

take and read christian books.

A chetty is now reading the

Teloogoo new testament.—The other evening I went out and met

near the river a Pandaram, who, I thought, knew nothing about

christianity ; but when [ talked with him, and asked what swami

he is worshipping in his convent, he said that he was the same

with Jesus Christ!

C. T. E. RHENIUS.

17

German Evangelical Mission.

FYournal of P. V. Sochaffter, 1836.

March 9th.—I left Palamcottah this evening with Mr. Miiller

to visit the congregations in the north; and arrived at Elandakol-

lum on the morning at 6 o’clock on

10th.—Our congregation here consists of .six families, or rather

six men, as the women still continue in the Roman Catholic

religion which all formerly professed ; the men to the exception of

one, seem to be neither cold nor hot.

About 11 o’clock these few people came together and I address-

ed them from the 23th chap. of Matt. 1st verse.

Many heathens

and Roman catholics attended standing at the door of the tent.

In the

May the Lord bless the word to the benefit of their souls.

evening we proceeded ; but having no guide we lost our way; and

arrived at a place called Banukarandu, very late at night and

quite tired ; where we found a small choultry.

As we had

strayed away from the place where we sent our tent and other

things, we made ourselves as comfortable as we could; and got

some straw from the villages and slept upon it.

11¢h.—Very early this morning we proceeded on our way, and

arrived at. Pannabadalee, where we expected to find our tent; in

this we were disappointed as it had been carried on to Sangarana-

yanarkovil; we therefore went on; but when we arrived at Veeroo-

keelpetty the sun was shining so hot that we were happy to dis-

mount our horses and take refuge in a little place we found

near the way. We, however, thank God, obtained some rice and

curry to eat and straw to lie upon.

Many of the villagers came

to see us, and requested for a school; but we told them to make

themselves acquainted with our books first, and then if they thought

it proper they may repeat their request.

I regretted I had no

tracts with me to give them.

A silver-smith paid us a visit, but when we told him to believe

in Christ and leave off lying, he told us this is impossible ; for they

who do not tell lies in this country cannot live.

In the evening we

left for Sangaranayanarkovil : the appearance of the country all

around is very barren and wild: about7 . m. we arrived here

and soon after the schoolmaster and children came to see us.

12¢h.—Early this morning I went to Tonakkal, to visit a Chris-

tian family there: as I had to go round a large field the sun was up

before I arrived, and to my disappointment 1 did not find the man

at home; I preached to the villagers the only name by which

sinners may be saved. A man followed me to a little distance,

and told me that he thoughta long time of becoming a christian;

but there were some difficulties in the way, which he could not

overcome. After my return to Sangaranayanarkovil, Mr. Miiller

examined the school which gave us satisfaction; many children

have made good progress, and know a great deal about Christ.

‘When Mr. Miiller had asked several questions to the children, he told

them to ask him some, which they did; such as, where Jesus

was born; who was the son of Isaac: and several others.

Many

parents of these children attended the examination and heard

about Jesus, by whom alone they canbe sayed. This is a large

and populous town; the chief place of the talook, and next to Trich-

18

Third Half-yearly Report of the

endoor famous for idolatry. It is with the surrounding villages in

the greatest darkness of heathenism; with the exception of a few

families who have lately come under christian instruction.

May

the Lord soon send his light and truth to dispel the darkness, and

make these poor people free from the yoke of Satan. In the even-

ing we proceeded to Sembagaporum : passing between two moun-

tains we saw a heathen hermitage which we visited.

It counsists

of a little house and court, hewn in the rock: in the court is an

image of the famous Agestiyar. The hermit worships this image

and gets his livelihood by begging in the neighbouring villages.

He is very ignorant: we spoke to him of him who became poor

that we may be rich. After sun-set we arrived at Sembagaporum,

where we have a small congregation of six families; we had prayer

with them in one of their houses, and then retired to rest.

13th.—Sunday. This morning I preached and then baptized

two children.

The grandmother of one of them seems to love

the Lord; and was quite pleased at the baptism of her grandchild.

We conversed with the heathens of the place, who are Maravers

and seem a very depraved and stiff-necked people. Some even

ridiculed before us the christian religion, and endeavoured to make

it ridiculous to others.

This day however the gospel hasbeen

preached to them; may it not be a witness against them.

Seve-

ral people from a neighbouring village came and requested for

them.

a school; but as they would not agree to our terms we dismissed

It would be very desirable to establish more schools in

this neighbourhood as heathenish wickedness and ignorance are

very great: but the people are not so desirous to have christian

schools here, as they are nearer Palamcottah.

14th.—This morning we proceeded, and at half past seven arriv-

ed at Annandasolaporum, where we took our abode under a beau-

tiful tree near the village. As the sun could not penetrate through

the branches we did not pitch the tent.

We left this evening and

arrived at Keel-kajahpalayam, a large town, seventy miles north of

Palamcottah. Here we had our tent pitched in a beautiful grove,

and I had prayer with the people.

15¢h.—Early this morning we went up a high hill near Rajahpa-

layum. From that elevation we could see the whole town, and the

surrounding country to a very great distance.

The town is much

larger than I expected and I should think occupies a space of

ground at least as large as Tinnevelly; but as it consists of six or

seven sections, at a distance from each other, the population will

be much less.

The mass of people are Rajpoots.

On the hill we

sang a hymn to the Lord and Redeemer of men; and returned to

Rajahpalayum rather tired. Mr. Miiller had service with the peo-

ple.

On leaving Rajahpalayum in the evening we were overtaken

by the rain, and were obliged to take shelter in a small choultry,

where we found a Pandarum old and infirm.

He had visited ma-

ny of the places reputed holy in India; had not washed for fifteen

years, and had practised many other austerities.

I preached Jesus

to him and he heard the glad tidings with joy.

He told me freely

that he had not derived any benefit from all his troubles, and that

he feels he must have something better than heathenism can af-

ford. Ashe intends to stay in the choultry until he is better, I

told our catechist to come every day to read the gospel and speak

German Evangelical Mission.

19

When the

to him about Jesus, as he expressed a desire to hear.

rain had abated we continued our way, and arrived late in the

evening at Ramalingaporum ; a village though near the road to

Seeva Cashee, has, 1 believe, never been visited by any Europeans.

The people were very friendly and allowed us to stay in their tem-

ple: they provided us with milk and other things, and would not

receive any money for it.

May the Lord recompense them, by

giving them the knowledge of Christ. We spoke to them and

distributed tracts which they received gladly.

16th.—EBarly this morning we arrived at Seeva Cashee, a large

town, where we have a school, which is in a poor state: there are

a great number of children learning; but they have made no pro-

The fault is

ress.

in the schoolmaster, whom we threatened

to dismiss if his school did not go on better.

We met several

christians from Satankollum and other districts who had come here

for trade. We spoke with them and the heathens about things be-

longing to their eternal peace.

In the evening we left them and

after resting a little while on the road, arrived at Yalayerampa-

neyon.

17¢h.—This is a small town belonging to the zemindar of Mee=

natchy.

Two months ago, some people of this place, requested for

In the

christian instruction—and fifteen families are now learning.

neighbouring villages also there are some families, who are under

christian instruction.

The zemindar of Meenatchy is very angry

at the people leaving idolatry; he troubles them a great deal, and

will not allow them to build a house of prayer for themselves.

If

the Lord does not help in a remarkable way, I fear these poor peo-

ple will not be able to stand. They were very happy to see and

to hear the word of God from us.

The inhabitants of this place are

the most disobliging and rude people I have seen for a long time 3

but they are no doubt set up against us by the agents of the zemin-

dar.

One of our christians ventured to get us a fowl for our din-

ner; but he got a severe beating for it.

We preached to these poor

people and gave tracts, to a few who would receive them. In the

evening we proceeded on our way home, through extensive cotton

fields : it began to reign, and the roads got so bad that in some pla-

ces our horses sunk to their knees in the mud. At half past

seven we arrived very fatigued at Toukal; but we found no choultry

here and we could not proceed further. A man who shewed us the

way directed us to the house of a rich Naiker, who received us

with civility and kindness ; he gave us a nice place to spend the

night, supplied us with all we wanted for supper and would receive

no payment for it; but told us, (as is usual with the natives) thatour

presence is more than a sufficient reward.

After supperv several

respectable natives of the place called to see us; we gave afew

.

tracts; but were too tired to speak much with them.

19¢h.—We spent to-day at Kitar and examined the school, which

goes on tolerably.

In the evening we returned to Palamcottah

and found all our friends well.

Thank God for all his mercies to

fhem and to us.

P. P. SCHAFFTER.

20

Third Half-yearly Report of the

Latracts from . FJ. Muller’s Fownal of 1836.

Jan. 6th.—Last night Mr. Schaffter, myself and families arrived

safely at Palamcottah, and were most affectionately received by

the brethren, Rhenius and Lechler—four miles from this, we were

met by about thirty catechists and school-masters welcoming us

with songs and great joy.

10¢h.—In the morning went to Tinnevelly and had morning ser-

vice with our people there.

I was glad to see them again, the lit-

tle school-room was quite full. I preached to them from 1 Cor. i. 30.

17th.—Sunday. As Mr. Rhenius wasin the country, and Mr.

Schaffter not quite well, I took the morning service here, preaching

from 2 Cor. v. 10.

In the evening went to Tinnevelly where I

had a meeting with our people, in one of their own houses.

3lst.—This evening we had the Lord’s supper with our native

brethren.

Feby. 5th.—Mr. Schaffter and myself left Palamcottah this after-

noon, on a journey to the villages.

6¢th.—About six this evening we arrived at Puliyankurutchy,

where about thirty-five families are with us.

At 8 p. m. the

people assembled for prayers inone of their houses, and Mr. 8.

preached to them from Heb. ii. 4.

7th.—Sunday. Divine service in the same place as yesterday—

the attendance was large—may the Lord bless the word preached,

asalso the private conversations we had with the people about their

souls’ salvation.

Towards evening we rode over to Huttwankullam

where five families are under christian instruction. We had pray-

er with them in one of their houses.

After tea we again met for

prayer with the people in Puliyankurutchy.

9th.—This morning arrived in Pannakudy, where we have a

school butno congregation.

We examined the children, forty-

five in number, who gave us great satisfaction.

During the da

we had many visits from heathens, to whom we preached Christ

crucified.

We also gave them tracts which they gladly received.

In the evening we went to Conmandanoor, where about twenty-

eight families are under instruction.

We had evening prayers in

the open air.

Mr. Schaffter exhorted, from Matt. xx. 1. &ec.

10¢th.—In the forenoon we examined the school.

Some of our

people assembled for prayer, and I encouraged them from 1 Pet. ii.

19.

In the evening we left the place and went to Sundavilly;

though there is a division here, yet all the people came for prayers,

as they also did yesterday when the Rev. J. Devasagayam was here,

11¢h.—Conversation with some Maravers before breakfast—we

afterwards examined the school ; thirty-eight children were pre-

sent.

During the day we had various conversations with the peo-

ple.

In the evening we left for Walleiyameipuram. We were very

glad to hear that though there is a division here, harmony and

good feeling exist among the catechists and people of both parties.

We had prayers in the church where all the people attended. Be-

fore prayers our catechist introduced to us an old man of seventy

years, who, as we were told, is the only person in a neighbouring

village who learns the word of God.

He was led to do so in the

following remarkable manner; ¢ When our people here, about four

or six months ago broke down their old heathen temple, and were

German Evangelical Mission,

building the present prayer house, he dreamt he came this way,

and that, ashe came near the Church, he saw. a white man inside

having a bow in his hand, w

ho as soon as he saw him ran af-

ter him to catch him.

The old man too,

ran with all

his

might, but the white man at last overtaking him, put the bow

in his hand and went away.

He awoke in great fright and came

early in the morning to the catechist, told him his dream and the

interpretation thereof, viz. that the Lord will have him to learn the

gospel, &c.”

He has since diligently attended the means of in-

struction—we also spoke with him and were much pleased with his

conversation.

12¢th.—This morning we went to Arupully, where about seven

families are learning the gospel.

They are all weavers and seem

to be nice people. We read a portion of scripture to them and

prayed—after which we returned to Walleiyameipuram.

After

breakfast we examined the school, twenty-seven children were

present; Mr. Schaffter closed with prayer—many people were

present.

In the evening we left for Arukully where we spent the

night—Mr. Schaffter had prayers with the people, when many hea-

thens were present.

13¢h.— Arrived this evening in Aneikullam ; here are only eight

families under christian instruction.

14¢h.—At noon the people assembled for prayers in a private

dwelling, Mr. Schaffter preached to them. The afternoon we spent

in reading the scriptures.

After tea I had prayers with the people.

15th.—This morning we left Aneikullam, and at night arrived

safely at Palamcottah. May the Lord bless the seed sown in

His name!

21st.—In the morning I had divine service at Tinnevelly, and

in the evening here.

924th.—As Mr. Lechler is in the country I am every day fully

engaged with the Seminary boys, two of them appear very dull and

may with advantage be sent home again.

27th.—A great number of our catechists, who have come in for

the monthly meeting, were at our missionary prayer meeting this

evening. They reported an increase of about 60 families to our

congregations, from heathenism.

March 2d.—This evening we refreshed our souls at the Lord’s

table, the catechists were dismissed to their respective villages.

5th.—Missionary prayer meeting, as usual.

9¢h to the 19¢h. I made a journey with Mr. Schaffter to the north

of Palamcottah, (about which vide Mr. S.’s journal.)

27th.—This morning I went to Tinnevelly where I had for the

first time divine service with our people in their newly built prayer

house.

My text was Roms. v. 1 to 4,

- April 4th to 6th. Engaged with the catechists and schoolmas-

ters, and this evening had the Lord’s supper.

7th.—This evening I took some tracts with me to one of the

adjacent villages, where I addressed a good number of people and

distributed several tracts among them. May the Lord open their

eyes to see what belongeth to their peace.

16¢h.—This evening, at 2 o’clock, I left home on a journey to

the west of Palamcottah.

At half past six I arrived at Seranma-

chathevy, where we have a large school. After breakfast, for a

couple of hours I was engaged in conversation with heathens and

22

Third Half-yearly Report of the

Roman catholies.

They were all very attentive to what T said,

and particularly one of the heathens asked many sensible questions.

There are about two or three hundred families of Roman catholics

here, and about twelve children of theirs are learning in our

school.

The father of one of the children was a long time with

me and I had an interesting talk with him, as he could read, I gave

him several tracts.

I regretted I had no gospel to present to him.

There was also a young Brahman, who is quite an infidel, he

laughs at idol worship and has not the least concern for knowing

and serving his Creator.

Afterwards 1 examined the school.

Fifty two children were present.

I was very much pleased with

those of the 5th and 6th classes.

After the examination I gave

tracts to those boys who could read, as also to other people that

asked for them. I spenta pleasant, and, [ trust, not unprofitable

day, here.

On my arrival at Papakudy in the evening, I was in-

formed, that some days ago, the Brahmans of this place had given

one of our congregation such a dreadful beating that he is hardly

able to stir out of his house—their reason for doing so is, because

The conduct of the

he will not leave off learning the gospel.

Brahmans has so much frightened the other people that they have

hardly courage enough to come to prayers.

After tea when I had

prayers with them, only six men were present.

It is strange to

say, that not one of the women learns the gospel here; regardless

of their own husbands’ and the catechist’s remonstrances, they re-

main unmoved, especially the Roman catholics.

17th.—This morning [ went to Tullukapetty. Near the village

a woman came running after me crying and lamenting most bitterly.

—When I enquired after the cause, I was informed that the Brah-

mans were way-laying her son, to give him a beating. Poor peo-

ple, they seem all to be in great consternation.

There are about

five families here under christian instruction; I read and improved

for their and my own comfort Acts v. 17, 42.

I returned again to

Papakudy, where I had service with the people about 10 a. M.

Afterwards I had a long conversation with the Roman catholic

catechist of this place.

I have reason to hope that he felt the

truth of what I advanced.

I only appealed to and stood upon the

written word of God, which always silenced him. His son and his

son-in-law have left his church, and he expressed a hope that the

Lord would soon show him whether he or his son was in the right

way.

I gave him some appropriate tracts which he gladly receiv-

ed.

In the afternoon, 1 catechized the school children—they know

as yet very little, as the school was established only a few months

ago.

In the evening I went over to Mukudal, where the congre-

gation, a small one, was glad to see me.

Many heathen also came,

with whom I had a long conversation about their soul’s salvation.

After tea, the people met and we enjoyed the word of God together.

Last month one family joined the little flock here.

18ih.

This morning I proceeded to Ambasaumdram to see our

school here.

About 10 A. m. the children assembled—In the 6th

or reading class were 13 children, who passed the examination

remarkably well, the other classes also gave me great satisfaction.

This school is one of our best.

[ met here a man of the Rajah

caste, who with his wife, his mother, three sisters and their hus-

bands came from Kasy (Benares).

Itis now more than two years

23

German Evangelical Mission,

since they have been thus travelling about from one holy place toano-

ther, and when they are asked why they lead such an idle life, the

Poor deluded

answer is, “ because Bachavan wishes us to do so.”

people, when will they go to the cross of Jesus ? During the day

1

ave away many tracts.

19¢h.—This morning I went to Kalianapuram, though a place

where there is a division, the catechists and people live in peace

and harmony together, on which 1 could not but express my joy

In the

before them all.

Three children were baptized by me.

afternoon I went to Podalpodar, where I inspected a school, had

prayers with the two families that are under straction, and then

proceeded to Kanibadinadanoor.

I had prayers with the few

people we bave here, in the catechist’s house, where I also slept ;

and in the morning of

20th.—1 started for Ten

kasee, here we have a school which I

examined during tbe forenoon.

I gave tracts to the boys that

could read, and offered some to the heathens and Mohammedans

In the afternoon I left the

present, but they refused to take any.

place and spent the night in Kedeiyanulloor. Several people here

came and asked for a school—I gave them a few of our books to

make them better acquainted with our holy religion, told them

that such and only such books were used in our schoeols, and that,

if they wished their children to learn these good things, they might

inform me of it at the beginning of nextmonth, or any time they

pleased.

2] st.—This morning I arrived at Ramalingapooram, where about

ten families are under christian instruction.

I stayed the whole

day and night here, heard the catechism our people have learned

by heart and explained it to them.

Spoke with many heathen,

particularly in the afternoon, and gave away many tracts.

In the

evening I visited our people at their several houses.

After tea

they assembled for prayers in one of their own houses and I

preached to them from Matt. xi 23,

22d.—This day I spent in Vasadevanulloor, where we have a

After breakfast many people came to see me.

I

large school.

had also a visit from the Marasdar of the place,a Brahman, with

whom I had a long conversation.

Afterwards I examined about

thirty children, and gave tracts as rewards to those of them who

could read—also many adults asked for them.

In the evening I

proceeded to Attivelly, where we have a small congregation. I

preached to them from Luke xv. 1, 10.

23d.—At 2 o’clock this morning I proceeded to Kovillankallam—

there are but five families who learn the gospel.

However, I had

a good opportunity for preaching the gospel the whole day toa

great number of heathen, many of whom were also present when

I had a meeting with our people ; a great many tracts were distri-

buted. Though the heathen have shewed themselves so friendly

on this occasion, yet the few families who learn the christian ve-

dam, have a great deal to suffer from them on that account. At 3

P. M. I arrived at Uttumalei, just as the people were assembling

for prayers.

We have here about twenty-three families.

We

met in the Nadan’s house, which though pretty large, could not

contain all the people.

I spoke to them from Acts iv. 12.

24th.~Sunday. Atnoon all the people assembled, and I had

24

Third Half-yearly Report of the

divine service with them.

It was a fine assembly, and I trust the

Lord was amongst us.

In the afternoon several of the people

came, with whom I spoke about their souls and the things per-

taining to the kingdom of our Lord. On the evening I went to Ret-

tiapetty and had prayers with our people. I was very much

pleased with them, they seem very zealous in learning the word

of God and endeavour through his grace to walk accordingly.

25th.—This morning arrived safely at Palamcottah.

28¢th.—Had prayers with our people in Tinnevelly this evening.

May 1st.—Had service in Rajahkuady this morning. In the af-

ternoon [ had a meeting with the Seminary boys.

2d to 4th.—Engaged with the catechists and schoolmasters.

This evening we had the Lord’s supper.

24th.—As Mr. Lechler was rather poorly the whole month, the

Seminary was under my charge.

30th.—Engaged with the schoolmasters, as Mr. Schaffter was

not quite well.

3lst.—One of our Catechists preached a very nice sermon this

evening.

June 1st.—1I continue to read the Evidences of Christianity in

Tamul with the Seminary boys.

In the evening we had the Lord’s

Supper with our native brethren.

16¢h.—This evening I left Palamcottah for a visit to some of

our congregations in the south.

and arrived

I spent the night in a choultry,

17th.—At Arisvadapooram.

I took up my abode in the cate-

few families are with us here.

chist’s hounse, where the people also assemble for prayers. But

I went over to Aroolloor and had

prayers with our people, in the headman’s house.

About three

men and eight women were present, the others were still at their

work.

I afterwards proceeded to Kalungavillei, where I was re-

joiced to see the little prayer house, or rather shed, quite crowded

for evening prayers.

%

18¢th.—This morning I proceeded to Nanikullam, where we have

a school and small congregation.

During the forenoon I examined

the former.

About thirty-five boys were present, but they are

rather deficient.

A blind boy gave me some of the best answers.

About noon the people who were at home met for prayers, and as

most of them are weavers, I had a pretty good congregation.

In

the afternoon there fell some rain which was quite refreshing, as

it was extremely hot before.

The catechist from FEtimoly came

to see me.

I went to Podoor, where are about eighteen families

under christian instruction.

The Maravers give a great deal of

trouble to the poor christians.

At seven I walked on to Etimoly

and had prayers with our people in the catechist’s house.

I

preached to them from John i. 9, 12. Many heathen were present to

whom I addressed myself in particular.

Afterwards I 1'eturned

again to Podoor.

19¢h.—Sunday.

Some of our people in Supperamaniapuram,

which is quite near, came to see me.

About 1 p. M. the people

met for prayer.

I expounded to them from Acts iv.

There is a

nice young man here, one of the congregation, who wishes to be-

come a Catechist.

In the evening I proceeded to Poodoor.

I was

sorry to find that the catechist has been absent from his congrega-

German Evangelical Mission.

tion for several days past, on account of sickness as they informed

me

1 therefore left one of the Preparandi; who was with me, to

instruct the pe

ople till the catechist gets well.

I left the place for Sekkadavillei. Many

20¢h. —This morning

people came to see me s

oon after my arrival, and I had several

conversations with them.

Here are about fifty families under

christian

instruction.

The catechists

of Pakianadapooram,

Each had

Sankigapooram, and Anukragapooram came to see me.

In the

some burden or other from which he wishes deliverance,

evening I proceeded to Pushukada, where are about thirty families.

In the school there are twenty-five children.

Our people and ma-

nv heathen assembled for prayers, and I invited them to come to

Christ the Saviour of sinners.

I went next to Suvukiapuram,

when T arrived at the place, nearly all the women with their child-

ren came to salute me.

There are fifty families learning the word

of God. They met for prayer in one of their houses.

21st.—This morning I went to Anukragapuram, the people soon

I read and expounded Johnix. The catechist of

came together.

fternoon.

I had conversation on

atcherry came to me in the a

different topics with the catechists of this place and of Uyarkudiyi-

ruppu.

In the afternoon I left for Padukapetty, where having had

I proceeded to Patcherry a village con-

prayers with the people,

all weavers and all under christian

sisting of thirty-five families,

instruction. After prayers the catechist

of Alachabapuram came

and presse

d me to go to his village also. Though I had preached

four times t

his day and felt very tired, I could not refuse, but

walked over to the place, being only one mile distant, and had

prayers with the people. 1

spoke on the words, “ I am the bread

of life.”

There are about nineteen families learning here.

After

conversation with the catechist on several

my return I had a long

doctrines of the Bible.

May the Lord bless all that has been said

in his name!

29d.—This morning went to Aubinnagaram. About noon the

I preached to them from 1 Cor. i.

people met in the Church, and

30.

In the afternoon I left fo

r Sataukullam, where I arrived at

6 o’clock. On account of a severe head-ache, 1 was unable to have

prayers with the people.

23d.—After breakfast,

Thomas, catechist of Kirubapuram came to

see me, as also many people from several congregations who have

come here for the market.

The children of our school were exa-

mined in the course of the day.

In the evening I went to Ananda-

uram, a new Christian village, where as yet only five families

b

ave settled. These are quite new comers, so I preached to them,

as a catechist once said, “beginning from the Creation, down to

the Salvation.”

24th.—This evening 1 reached home, and thank God found all

pretty well.

25ih.—Missionary prayer meeting this evening.

27th.—Resumed my lessons with the Preparandi and Seminary

boys.

ParamcorrTan:

J. J, MULLER.

June 15th, 1837, §

26

Third Half-yearly Report of lhe

Fatracts of FP. Lechler's Fowrnal of 1837.

Feb. 13th.—This evening left Palamcottah with Mr. Schaffter for

a journey to the east.

We arrived at Kongelrayakurutehy about

9 at night, when we found the people waiting for us.

Immediately

we had prayers with them, after which we retired, being much

fatigued by our ride.

14th.—At an early hour assembled the congregation, read and

expounded to them John xvi. 33. and concluded with prayer.

After breakfast we spent some time in conversing with a few

people, and at 11 a. m. had divine service under a tree in the middle

of the village, as there was not room enough in the prayer-house.

The tree not being very shady, it scarcely sheltered us from the

heat of the sun, which was very oppressive.

It rejoiced us greatly

to see the people attentive whilst the word of God was preached to

them. During the afternoon we examined the children of the

school, thirty in number, and about 5 P, M. set out for Paneivillei.

On our arrival, which was about nine at night, the people assem-

bled for prayer.

As soon as we had taken a little refreshment,

we joyfully read and preached the word of God to them and prayed.

15th.—This morning had divine service with a large number of

people.

After singing a hymn, brother Schaflfter expounded a

portion of scripture and concluded with prayer. When breakfast

was over, the children of several schools in the neighbourheod

assembled for a general examination.

We began with singing a

hymn, prayed and gave a short address to the children, and then

examined them in reading, writing, ciphering and in their cate-

chisms.

Those who passed their examination satisfactorily, got

‘When we had finish-

small rewards of little books, iron pens, &c.

ed, some black sugar, made of the juice of the Palmira tree, and

Bengal gram was distributed among all of them, which seemed to

be very welcome.

Among the boys of the 6th class there was one,

who is a cripple.

As soon as I noticed him, he began to weep, and

when 1 asked him what was the reason for his doing so, he answer-

He was rather

ed that he was weeping on account of his sins.

shy, so that we could not get him to answer any further questions.

I heard from others that he was a boy of good sense and had lately,

when his relations would have him worship idols, refused doing so,

saying that the worship of idols was sinful. Whilst we were here,

there came a man called by the natives a gnany (wise man), who,

when we spoke to him said he had given up worshipping idols lon

ago, but as to serving the God of the christians be had not yet fully

made up his mind, having the subject still under consideration.

‘We spoke seriously to him about the dangerous state of his heart

and the necessity of his being converted to God and his son Jesus

Christ, after which he left us.

In the afternoon the catechists of

the Paneivillei district assembled for their monthly meeting, which

they have on behalf of the poor in their respective congregations.

The catechists subscribe a small sum of money every month, and

endeavour to collect something in their congregations, which they

27

German Evangelical Mission.

distribute among those, that are most in want. In the evening I

went to Seevananthapuram to have prayers with the people of our

congregation.

Only a few were present, who, 1 am glad to say,

heard the word of God with attention.

When I came out of the

chapel, I met a heathen man, who, when I conversed with him,

told me, that he liked our religion and was only waiting for a fa-

vorable opportunity to embrace christianity.

I replied, that if

what he said was the conviction of his mind, he should not delay

any longer to come to Christ ; for death and eternity were certain,

and if he should die unconverted, he would by no means go to

heaven, but be liable to eternal punishment.

16¢h.—Left Paneivillei about 3 a. m. and proceeding to Sedu-

kuvaitan, passed through Erel, alarge heathen place, where we

have two families under christian instruction.

Brother Schaflfter

addressed them from a passage of scripture in an open place,

where many heathen were present, and engaged in prayer. Having

arrived in Sedukuvaitan, we took our abode in the church, where

we remained during the day.

Here we had an opportunity of

speaking to a few heathens and to distribute a small number of

tracts. Of the congregation in this place, which is but small,

several members having returned to Roman catholicism, we could

not see a soul the whole day ; none of them seemed to be in the

village.

Towards evening, when we went through the village to

speak to the heathen, we met an old Roman catholic catechist,

whois in charge of a large congregation in this place. The old

man quite feeble from age, could hardly walk. Seeing a crucifix

hanging about his neck, we asked him whether he had Jesus also

in his heart, to which he replied in the affirmative and added,

that Jesus Christ was his only comfort and he hoped to be

saved only through him.

In the course of our conversation

we touched upon the subject of their worshipping images, saints,

and particularly the Virgin Mary.

In his defence he said, that as

we cannot go immediately into the presence of the King, so we

can also not come to Jesus, excepting through the medium of the

Virgin Mary.

We replied, that we never read any thing of this

kind in the Bible, on the contrary we find that the Saviour desires

us to come directly to him, and quoted to him the 28th verse of

Matthew 11.

“ Come unto me all ye that labour and are hea-

vy laden,” &c.

When the old man found, that he could not go on

any farther, he told us that we should not think disrespectfully of

the Virgin Mary, sayin

D)

o, do

you not know that she was worship-

ped by the holy angels before she bore Christ?

He was quite

surprised when we told him, that not a word of this was written in

the Bible.

As we did not like to trouble the old man too much, we

left him and returned to our chapel.

About 7 p. M. the people of

%

the congregation and some heathens assembled for evening pray-

€rs.

The former, we found, have not yet advanced far in christian

o

knowledge, which may, perhaps, be ascribed to the short period

Y

A o

they have been learnir

g

May the divine truths, which we preach-

ed, and the tracts distributed, be blessed to the souls of many.

yr—

—ra

Besides the few persons under christian instruction, there are

fifty Roman catholic families in this place with a large number of

Mahommedans and heathens.

Bmee = SRR o S,

28

Third Half-yearly Report of the

17¢h.--At 3 o. M. we left Sedukervaitan and proceeded to Trit-

chindoor. In some places we found the road quite crowded with

people, flocking to the idol feast, whilst to the right and left of the

road, numbers were rising from the ground where they

had slept

during the night. As we were going along, we were followed by

many, to whom we spoke the word, which was listened to with

much attention.

After we had left, we heard from our head-cate-

chist, Gnanamuttoo, that several of them were disputing about

what we had told them, and some unreservedly expressed their

doubts, about idol worship.

As we were approaching Tritchin-

door, we met several people, who had come from some distance,

crawling on the ground towards the idol temple. This they do in

the following manner. They stretch themselves on the ground in

full Iength, make a mark with their hands as far as they can

reach, then rise, place their feet where tne mark is, and again

prostrate themselves as before. Thus they continue doing, till they

arrive at the templein the town of Tritchindoor.

These poor peo-

ple believe, that they will obtain the favour of the Swamy, be re-

stored from sickness, &c. by tormenting themselves in this man-

ner

When we passed through the town, we found it, especially

near the temple, excessively crowded with people. At the sea

shore we saw a great many bathing, after which they crawled in

the manner described, round the temple, some three, some four, or

more times according to their vows.

At a little distance from the

temple there were two rows of beggars seated.

In order to excite

the pity of those who passed by, one of them had got himself bu-

ried in the sand, so that only his hands were visible ; another was

lying on thorns.

I saw a woman walk along the street, and give a

handful of rice to each beggar. This, I understand, is a common

practice on such feasts.

Both to give and to receive alms is, as

they think, meritorious. It is astonishing to what expense and trou-

ble these poor ignorant people put themselves on these occasions.

I am told that the very poorest of them endeavour, for five or six

months before the feast, to lay by some money, that they may be

respectable in their dress, in eating and drinking, and also have

something to give to the Swamy. During the feast the houses at

Tritchindoor are all filled with people, many, especially the Shanars,

make small sheds of mats, where they sleep in at night, others re-

main under trees or in the open air.

During the greater part of

the day we could not go among the people on account of the heat,

but towards evening we rode to the sea shore.

As we approached

and were surrounded by a number of people, we told one of our

Preparandis to sing the song of Wesley Abraham, a Pandaram, who

was lately converted to christianity. We soon found ourselves in

the midst of crowds of idolaters, who had come to see us and to

hear the song.

We then related to them the history of W,

Abraham and also told them our reasons for coming to the feast,

as they seemed to be surprised at our appearance in this place.

After exhorting them to forsake their idols and to serve the true

God, who was ready to save them, we distributed tracts among

them, which they received with much eagerness.

We then went

towards the temple, on the west side of which there is a large rock

and several caves.

Before one of them I saw a Pandaram, who,

German Evongelical Mission.

29

I was told, dwelt there.

In another, it is said, Superamania Swa-

my, the great idol of the place, was married and in a third his wife

once concealed herself after she had got a flogging. Whilst brother

S. spoke toa crowd of people, [ wenton farther to awell, where some

Brahmins and others were standing.

When I hadbegun speaking,

the Brahmins came with some cunning questions, which I thought

better to avoid as I had things of more importance to tell them.

Only a few applied for books, the rest seemed to be afraid of the

Brahmins. Brother S. having joined me again, we went towards the

town, which we found quite thronged with people coming in proces-

sion with the idol Sivan, who, they say, was the father of Tuperam-

anien. The whole streetbefore and behind the idol was illuminated.

Whilst all this was going on with a great deal of noise, we were

glad to find near that street, such who were willing to hear the

gospel of Jesus. We spoke rather pointedly of the vanity of wor-

shipping idols, but not one interrupted us by making any objection.

As it was getting dark, we were obliged to return to our abode.

18¢h.—This morning at 6 o’clock we went in another direction,

and after having found a proper place among the multitude, I got

one of our young men to sing the song of Wesley Abraham, to

which all present paid great attention.

After telling them some-

thing of W. A’s conversion and exhorting them to follow

his example, 1 spoke freely with them of the sinfulness and

vanity of idolatry and invited them to the gospel feast, which

was made ready for all and therefore also for the people of India.

When I was about leaving them and offered them a copy of the

-above song, atleast forty or fifty hands were stretched out.

For-

tunately I had a good number of sheet-tracts, but at last, fearing

they would be torn in the bustle, I removed to another place, in-

;i

viting those who had not received any, to come during the day to

our bungalow.

From thence I proceeded towards the town, but

was soon obliged to turn back, on account of the crowd, which

made the street impassable.

Passing through the large street,

which leads to the idol temple, I saw again numbers of beggars,

’E

some preparing to bury themselves in the sand, others to lie upon

thorns, and also many men and women crawling in the above de-

t

scribed manner round that seat of abomination.

Never before had

!

[ seen idolatry in this fashion.

Oh! that the time may soon come,

when satan shall no more deceive these poor, wretched Indians,

and when they shall cast away their idols to the moles and to the

bats and know the true God and bow down before him, who suffer-

ed and died for them. The sun getting oppressive, I returned to

the bungalow, a number of people following me.

To these [ spoke

farther about the one thing needful and distributed tracts among

:(:{:

them.

, Though we had a great many tracts with us, they were now

1]

nearly all gone.

Had we five or six-thousands more, we micht ea-

sily, and I have no doubt usefully, have disposed of them. Daring

16

the day we preached the gospel and gave tracts to many who came

14

to us.

At 3 P. M. we went again among the people, offered them

the word of life once more both by preaching and distributing

it

tracts.

When we had spoken for some time to the large assembly

around us and promised books to those who were able to read,

0y

30

Third Half-yearly Report of the

many hands were held out to receive them. Not beingable tosup

ply them all, and the ery for books increasing, we were obliged to

leave the place.

As we were on our way to Koleisegarapadinam,

we had to pass through the town, which we found very trouble-

some on account of the immense population filling it.

Many of

those to whom we had spoken before, followed us, and though

some of them were knocked down several times and were in danger

of being thrown under our horses, they had determined not to

When we had come out of

leave us till we had given them books.

the town and our followers decreased, we stopped, distributed the

tracts we had left, delivered our last address to those, who had -

collected themselves around us, and proceeded on our way.

May

all the little books distributed, and the word spoken be accompa-

nied by the Spirit from on high to the good of many immortal souls

and to the glory of God.

Arrived at Koleisegerapaduram about

7 p. M. and an hour after, had prayers with the congregation,

Though these people are still very ignorant, having only lately

come to christianity, we were much pleased to find them attentive

to the preaching of the word of God.

19¢th.—The Lord’s day.

In the morning brother S. had divine

service with the people andin the afternoon, when again some

persons had assembled, we read a chapter of the new testament,

At 5

gave a short explanation of it and cencluded with prayer.

p. M. we left the place and went to Karankadoo, where we have a

few people under instruction.

Some of the women only being in

the village, we called them together and brother S. addressed them,

but, I am sorry to say, we found them exceedingly inattentive.

From thence we proceeded to Patcherry, where we have a congre-

gation of about thirty families.

We regretted having sent our

baggage on to Padukeipetty, as it might have been desirable to stay

in this village a little longer.

The people hearing that we could

spend only an hour or two with them, immediately assembled in

the church, where we had divine service.

The church was quite

full and we observed with pleasure that all were attentive.

We

could learn from the answers they gave us, that their catechist had

been diligent in teaching them the word of God. After service we

went over to Padukeipetty, where we have a small congregation,

with whom we spent the rest of the sabbath. These people hav-

ing lately been much interrupted in their learning, are rather de-

ficient in knowledge of the scriptures.

20¢th.—This morning at 5 we left Padukeipetty, brother S. pro-

ceeded to Sekadevillei and I to Darmanagaram.

During forenoon

I examined the members of the congregation in their catechism, in

which they are very deficient and read and expounded a portion of

scripture to them. Many were absent on account of the business,

which the Shanars have in this season of the year.

In the after-

noon I examined the school, which I found in a very pleasing

state.

This village belongs to the Mission, contains now about

thirty families, who are all under christian instruction.

Towards

evening went to Visuvasapooram. The eatechist was gone to Pa-

lamcottah on business.

Assembled the people and examined them

in their catechism, after which I read and expounded to them a

few verses of the 10th chapter of John’s gospel.

I felt happy a-

31

German Evangelical Mission.

mong these people, they were attentive and some gave me very sa-

tisfactory answers to the questions [ putto them.

About ten at

night I went to Anbinnagaram, also a Mission village.

21st.—Went to see the village, which contains now a hund-

red and fifteen houses.

No heathen is permitted to settle in

any such village, unless he has a desire to Jearn the word of

God.

About 9 a. m. the people assembled for divine service,

but many, especially of the men, were absent at their work.

The women 1 examined in their catechism ;

most of them

knew the whole of it perfectly well.

Some people from a neigh-

bouring village came to call me to their place on account of some

differences which they have with their neighbours, but after due

consideration I found it advisable not to comply with their wish.

Admonished them to be peaceable and forbearing, according to the

example of our Saviour and prayed with them. They seemed to

be satisfied and returned to their home.

The afternoon I spent in

examining the school, and at 6 p. m. left for Jatehamoly, where I

arrived at half past eight. Brother S. was just engaged in expounding

a passage of scripture to some people of our congregation, whilst

many heathens were peeping through the doors and windows.

22d.—Brother S. went to Amudavanakutty and I had prayers with

After breakfast we examined the school, consist-

the people here.

ing of about sixty children, Christians, Mahommedans and Hea-

thens. We were well pleased with the school. Conversed also with

some heathens and Mahommedans, who were present at the exa-

mination; the latter are as hard-hearted as ever. During the after-

noon I spoke with two young men, who were returning from the

Tritchindoor feast.

They agreed to all that I told them and at last

said, that, if I would give them to eat, they would come with me

to Palamcottah and become christians. I advised them to go first to

their homes, consider well whatjthey had heard, and read with atten-

tion the book I gave them, and then when they know more of the

nature of Christianity, and have still a desire to become christians,

we may speak further on the subject.

Though the excitement of

these young men seemed to be merely momentary yet their whole

deportment was very pleasing. May the Spirit of the Lord take

possession of their hearts to their soul’s salvation.

At 5 o’clock

we left the place and arrived safely at Palamcottah about 12 at

night.

May 11¢th.--Last evening set out on a journey to the west of Palam-

cottah.

I arrived at Redujapetty about 12 at night. During the

day had divine service twice with the small congregation and in

the evening after prayers baptized two women and a child.

12¢h.—Arrived this morning at Soleikeery, a large village, part

of which is inhabited by people of the Shanar-caste. The latter,

about thirty families, asked last month for a catechist and conse-

quently our catechist of the neighbouring village has commenced

instructing them.

Immediately after my arrival all, men and wo-

men with the children, assembled for prayers, I found them, as it

must be expected, totally destitute of christian knowledge and

therefore spoke to them about the first rudiments of scriptural doc-

trines, Vviz. the existence of God, his works and attributes, the fall-

en nature of man and the necessity of a Saviour. These truths I

¥

32

Third Half-yearly Report of the

repeatedly set before them in as plain a manner as I possibly could,

There was an old

until I saw that they comprehended what Isaid.

man ameng them, who was able to answer me a few questions.

On

inquiry I was told that he is a relation of some people of one of our

neighbouring congregation, had been keeping a school in this

place for some time past, and had in some respect been the means

of bringing these people to their present conviction.

At noon,

when they had again assembled, I made some of the above doc-

trines the subject of my discourse, only in a more explicit manner.

A place of worship not being yet built, I was obliged to stay in the

house of a Shanar.

The great desire of these poor people to hear

and to learn cheered me very much.

1 hope and pray that their

zeal may be sanctified by the Holy Spirit, so that they may be truly

converted to Christ Jesus. In the evening I proceeded to Kalyani-

pooram, where we have nine families under christian instruction.

When they were assembled, Ipreached tothem from the words

¢ Christ is made unto us wisdom, justification, sanctification and

redemption” (1 Cor. i. 30.) Felt happy among them; they were

attentive and some particularly seemed to have acquired a pretty

good knowledge of scripture. They regret very much that their

catechist had gone to reside in Soleikerry, and now visits them

only twice or three times a week, on account of which themselves

and their children can learn but little.

The people, none of whom

are able to read, are certainly under great disadvantages, if the

catechist is not always with them, but how can we afford to place a

teacher in each little village ?

13¢h.---Arrived at Latchmipooram at 7 A. M

During forenoon

a large number of people assembled in the Church, whom I exa-

mined in the principal doctrines of christianity, read and expounded

to them part of Joshua’s farewell address to the Israelites. At

night after prayers went to Paramkondapooram.

14th.—At 10 o’clock I had divine service with the congregation

and baptized five adults, whom I had previously examined and two

children. T was pleased to see the women, who could not give any

money for the collection, bringing, in little baskets—some grain

instead, which afterwards was received by the catechist for distri-

bution among the poorest. Surely ¢ where there isa will there is

2

a way.

May the Lord give more and more,

to all our people

“ both to will and to do according to his good pleasure.” In the

afternoon went again to Latchmipooram, where I spent a very

happy evening with some communicants with whom I intended to

celebrate the Lord’s supper- I was particularly pleased with the

a woman of about

mother of the headman of the village,

seventyfive years, who expressed a great

desire to receive

the Lord’s supper before she should be called hence. When

T asked her if she was afraid to die, she said, no; why should I

be afraid to go to the Saviour?

But, said I, do you think he will

are? Certainly, was her

receive such a great sinner as you

answer ; he suffered and died for me o

n the cross and he will re-

ceive me. When T asked her whether she knew the Saviour and

to him, “ O Sa-

prayed to him, she said, yes Sir; every day I suy

$59

viour do thou pardon my sins and save me

.

Her simplicity and

faith made a deep impression not only on my

mind, but also on the

33

German Evaﬁgelical Mission.

minds of all present. May she departin peace and be for ever with

the Lord! At7 p. M. after an exposition of Rev. iii: 20. I adminis-

tered the Lord’s supper to nine persons; three from Paramkonda-

one from another congregation in the neighbourhood and

pooram,

the rest from Latchmipooram. Sev

eral individuals of the congre-

gation at Virakelalambatoor were expected for the ordinance, but

sickness preventing them, they sent a messenger asking me to ad-

minister the sacrament to them in their village as I was coming

there. I promised to comply with their request. When I came

out of the church the headman Sarennen was just arrived suppos-

ing to bein time for the Lord’s supper. He regretted much that

he came too late, and whilst accompanying me to Paramkondapoo-

ram asked me very gravely, whether it would not do as well to give

him the sacrament alone.

I replied, that as the Lord’s supper was

a communion, and as I would be in his village next Tuesday, where

we shall celebrate it again, he might then join us. He was con-

tented and went to his home that night.

15¢h.— Arrived at Surrandei at6 o’clock in the morning. Only a

few people attended prayers, the rest were absent on business.

This was formerly alarge congregation, but most of them having

gone back to heathenism, it consists only of nine families now.

During forenoon I conversed with one of the men named Courtal-

lum, who asked me to baptize him.

I found him pretty well stor-

ed with scriptural knowledge and humbly trust that he is a true be-

liever in Jesus Christ.

He is the first in this place that has re-

quested for baptism ; there are one or two more, who seem to be

fit for it, but prefer waiting a little longer. At noon when some

people were assembled, I read and expounded a few verses of

scripture and baptized the man abovementioned, and his child.

He received according to his desire the name of Gooroobadem.

After divine service he said, that he bad to ask a favour of me;

namely, as his wife had been safely delivered last Saturday of a

healthy child and as the Lord had also otherwise been very gra-

cious to him of late, he would be much obliged to me, if I would

come to his house and offer up a prayer.

I complied with his re-

quest in the afternoon.

The catechist having told me that the

headman of the village, also one of the backsliders, caused a great

deal of trouble among our people by compelling them to give mo-

ney to the idol, I called for him and sharply reproved and exhort-

ed him ; but his heart remained as hard as stone.

In the evening

I proceeded to Kalungavillei, also a small congregation under the

care of the catechist of Surrandei.

Appavoo, the head catechist,

arrived there at the same time.

In the course of the evening,

when we had collected the members of the congregation, I examin-

ed them and conversed with them on the principal doctrines of

christianity. 1 am happy to say, I found more knowledge in them,

than I expected.

After

16¢th.—About 6 a. m. arrived at Virakelalambatoor.

e e Y o o

breakfast the catechist informed me that two women of the

Weslad Q"

congregation were often quarrelling with each other and using

el

bad language.

He said, they always endeavour to make up

with each other, but as it happened so often, he wished me to

R el

speak to them. Immediately I called for them, exhorted them

34

Third Holf-yearly Report of the

earnestly and affectionately and prayed with them, after which they

asked pardon of each other and shook hands. When I had dismiss-

ed them, I spoke to a few persons, who had applied for baptism and

On

then to others, who wished to partake of the Lord’s supper.

the whole I was pleased with the people here; there seems to be a

work of the Holy Spirit going on in several of them. Abecut 11

o’clock had divine service and baptized five persons.

The Lord

was in the midst of us, and I doubt not many felt his presence.

A

brahmin, who had been present during service came wishing to

I asked him whether he understood what he had

speak withme.

heard. He replied, yes, he understood what I said about a Saviour.

When I asked whether he also had a Saviour to save him from his

sins, he answered “ Jesus Christ is my Saviour.”

Whether he felt

-what he said, the Lord only knows.

About 7 . m. I assembled the

whole congregation, sung praise to the Lord, read and expounded

Acts ii. 41, 42, prayed with them, and when those, who were not to

partake of the Lord’s supper, were dismissed, administered the

sacrament to twenty communicants.

I was very happy among

these people and so were they ; we had a feast indeed and felt that

the Lord was with us.

May all those who partook of the myste-

ries of his flesh and blood be true members of his church, which is

his body, yea may all, who are within the sound of his blessed

gospel indeed eat his flesh and drink his blood that they may have

eternal life.

17th.—At 3 a. M. I started for Samathanapooram, where I arriv-

ed at 7. Examined during the day a few people in their catechism

and had divine service with them. At 4 in the afternoon I left

for Palamc()tt&xh, where I arrived safely the same night.

/SINDUPOONTHUREI,

J. LECHLER.

26th June 1837,

5

German Evangelical Mission,

39

A~ AsstrACT of the CONGREGATIONS under the charge of the GERMAN

EvanceLical MissioN in Tinnevelly at the end of June 1837.

\

BAPTIZED.

CANDIDATES

FOR BAPTISM

NAMES OF

VILLAGE.

L4

Praver houses

5

and Assistants

No. of Catechists

No. of Villages

No. of Chapels and

%

E

Children

e

:

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Total of Souls

e, | S——————

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!

165 146

108

164 74

72 80

644

12 lSiDistrict

9

86 28

32

34 66

|

7

14

2

II

2

70; 93 323

252 642

il

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184 27

16

18 155

174

24

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124

37

36

44 82

92

118[ 409

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460

77

93

59 336

333

544“ 1402

15

30

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61

63

78 409

433

7131757

14

22

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43

29

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203

381 904

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69

62

71 162

158

218} 740

14

38

b2l

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105

158

441

15

2

198

2

140

28

14

17 119

R ]

r——— | —

e — | P—— D— | —— | ———— —| —————— ——

107|121 4|Total at the end

|

of June 1837.!

2

2129f 516{ 413

5122 162416402557

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104; 206{Total at the end

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