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 Vniversitati Aberdonensi diebvs XXV. vsqve ad XXVIII. mensis septembris MCMVI sacra saecvlaria qvarta concelebratvrae optantes vt Academia illvstrissima in omne aevum vigeat et floreat imo ex pectore congratvlantvr Prorector et Senatvs Vniversitatis Friderico-Alexandrinae Erlangensis TAUSCH VNIVERSITATL ABERDONENSI DIEBVS XXV. VSQVE AD XXVIII. MENSIS SEPTEMBRIS MCMVI SACRA SAECVLARIA QVARTA CONCELEBRATVRAE OPTANTES VT ACADEMIA ILLVSTRISSIMA IN OMNE AEVUM VIGEAT ET FLOREAT IMO EX PECTORE CONGRATVLANTVR PRORECTOR ET SENATUS VNIVERSITATIS FRIDERICO-ALEX ANDRINAE ERLANGENSIS. o——9,9— — — [nest libellvs grammaticvs latinvs L ONGE PARVVLA qvi lingva anglica conscriptvs, A. D. 1509 typis excvsvs in Bibliotheca Bodleyana asservatur. i ERLAIGNE .. TYPIS E. TH. IACOB TYPOGRAPHI VNIVERSITATIS ERLANGENSIS.: Introduction. History of Latin Grammar has yet to be written. Whoever will undertake this laborious task, will have to occupy himself with a group of four grammarians who, at least as far as England is concerned, play an important róle in the history of Latin grammar. . All of them were in connexion with Oxford. The first stood in personal relation- ship to the second, and the latter was in the same manner connected with the fourth, while the third must have known the three others. With the exception of the first they wrote their gramma- tical handbooks in their vernacular tongue, being the first men to do so, since Bishop Aelfric hadtranslated Priscianus'Latin Grammarinto English inthelast yearsofthetenth century. And, whatis most essential, their literary labours in respect to Latin grammar proceeded on much the same lines. The earliest is John Anwykyll (Anwykll, Annaquil, Anniquil), who was till 1487 or 1488 the first headmaster of the Free School founded in 1480, and immediately adjacent to Magdalen College, Oxford, The second is John Stanbridge, the next successor in office of Anwykyll. The third is William Lily, who seems to have entered Magdalen College, Oxford, in 1486. The fourth, Robert Whittington (Whitinton) was a pupil of Stanbridge's in the above mentioned Free School, and is also said to have counted William Lily among his own pupils. Cp. Dict. of Nat. Biography LIIL 470 (Stanbridge); XXXIII, 264 (Lily; LXI, 157 (Whittington); and W. C. Hazlitt, Schools School-Books and Schoolmasters (London 1888) 50—68. Stanbridge and Lily may be described as the most important of these four grammar- ians. As to the former, there is assigned to him in the library catalogues, among other and authentic works, the Parvulorum Institutio, of which I have shown in a paper in the »Festschrift zum XII. Allgemeinen Deutschen Neuphilologentage« (Erlangen 1906) 450 etc. that at least eight old editions exist. But the amplification on the title-page of each of these, ex Stanbrigiana collectione, proves that Stanbridge himself was not the author. Whether his work Accidentia is meant by this collectio, as is suggested in the Dict. of Nat. Biography LIIL 47o, must for the present remain a matter of uncertainty. And as to the compiler, it seems very difficult to adduce anything in support of Hazlitt’s supposition, l. c. 54, that Whittington had a hand in the matter. 1* In close relationship to this Parvul orum Institutio there are two shorter works, the one entitled Pervula, and the other Longe Parvula. In the above mentioned paper I have cited five old editions of the former, and edited the text. Of the latter work only a single edition is known to me, which is to be found in the Bodleian Library, bearing the press-mark: Arch. Bodl. A. IL. 135. .It seems to be Heber's copy (cp. Ames-Herbert-Dibdin II 150). It is this text I give here. What the connecting relationship is between the three texts, I hope to be able to establish on another occasion. Respecting my edition of the Bodleian text, a few points must be mentioned. , g v m A certain amount of difficulty exists in the reproduction of the abbreviations y, Y Y in which, as is well known, the letter y represents the old Runic character for the modern /h. The preservation of these abbreviations would have been the simplest solution of the matter. But on account of typographical considerations that was impossible. Against the use of ye, yaf, you may be urged that such an orthography is quite unknown in the Bodleian copy of theLonge Parvula as well as in the editions of the Pervula; for, when not abbreviated, these words are always printed the, that, thou. In my reprint of the Pervula I employed the Runic character in such cases instead of y. But there again one may object that thi$ is just as unknown to the orthography of the Pervula as to thatofthe Longe Parvula. Under these circumstances I have decided to solve the diffi- culty by always printing the, that, thou, unwilingly as one may see the y in these abbreviations disappear. Moreover 1 have regulated the initial capital letters, and modernized the punctuation and separation of the sentences, using, at the same time — so far as it seemed to me desir- able — brevier type, spaced type, and italics. The many misprints of the Bodleian copy, especially in the Latin part of the text — it is obvious that neither the compositor nor the revisor was thoroughly acquainted with the Latin tongue — have been corrected by me. But in each instance an account is rendered in the notes. Hermann Varnhagen. Hat shalt thou do, whan thou hast an englysshe to make in latyn? I shal reherse myn englysshe ones, twyes or thryes, and loke out my pryncypal verbe, and aske the questyon: Who or what? And the worde that answereth the questyon shall be the nominatyf case to the verbe, excepte it be a verbe impersonall. As in this example: »The mayster techeth scolers« »techeth« is the verbe, Who techeth? The mayster techeth. This worde »mayster« 5 answereth to the questyon here, and therfore it shall be the nominatyf case, and the worde that cometh after the verbe shall be the accusatyf case comynly. As: Magister docet me. And whan I haue an adiectyf, nowne, pronowne or partycyple or relatyf, I shall aske this quest- yon: Who or what? And the worde that answereth to the questyon shall be the substantyf to the adiectyf, and the antecedent to the relatyf. | 10 Whan two substantyues come togyder longynge bothe to one thynge, they shall be put bothe in one case. As: »My fader, a man, loueth me, a chylde«: Pater meus, vir, diligit me, puerum. : How shalte thou knowe the pryncypall verbe in a reason, yf thou haue in it moo verbes than one? Euermore my fyrst verbe shall be my pryncypal verbe, excepte he come nygh a g relatyf or a coniunccyon, or be lyke the infinityf mode. Wherby knowest thou, whan he cometh nygharelatyf? Euermore whan he cometh nygh ony of these englysshe wordes: »that«, »whome«, or »the whiche.« Wherby knowestthou, whan he is lyke an infinityf mode? Euermore whan there cometh this englisshe sygne »to« or »to be« before a verbe, as »to loue« or «to be by- loued«, »to be taught«. - What hath a relatyf? An antecedent. Wherby knowest thou an antecedent? For he cometh before the relatyf, and is rehersed of the relatyf. Wherby knowest thou a relatyf? For he maketh the rehersynge of a thynge that is spoken of before. " Whan there cometh a nominatyf case bytwene the relatyf and the verbe personall, than the relatyf shall be suche case as the personall wyll haue after hym. As: Ego, quem preceptor docet, aduerto. And there 25 cometh no nominatyf case bytwene the relatyf and the verbe personall, than the relatyf shall be the nominatyf case to the verbe. As: Ego, qui sedeo, scribo. f the verbe that cometh nexte to the relatyf, be a verbe impersonall, than the relatyf shall be suche case as the verbe im- personall wyll haue after hym. Exemplum: Ego sum ille, quem penitet temporis perditi. Also whan I haue a relatyf comynge bytwene two substantyues of dyuers gendres 3o longynge to one thynge, if he that cometh after the relatyf be a nowne appellatyf, than the rela- tyf may accorde with eyther of them indyfferently. Exemplum: Ko Oxonium, quod est vel qui est locus studendi. But and yf the nowne that foloweth the relatyf be a propre name, than the relatyf shall accorde with hym in gendre. Exemplum: Est locus in carcere quod Tullianum appellatur. Vnde versus: 35 Quando relatiuum generum casus variorum Inter se claudunt, qui rem spectant ad eandem, Per genus hoc poterit vtrilibet associari, Id nisi quod sequitur proprium tibi nomen habetur, Nam tunc concordat hoc semper posteriori. 40 EC u lwo nominatyf cases hauynge a coniunccyon copulatyf comynge bytwene them wyl haue a verbe plurel. Also two substantyues with a coniunccyon copulatyf wyll haue an adiectyf plurell, and two antecedens with a coniunccyon copulatyf wyl haue a relatyf plurell. Vt: lohannes et Ricardus sedent scribentes. Vnde versus: 5 Fixa duo sepe, cum sint connexa, reposcunt Verbum, adiectiuum necnon plurale relatum. Whan I haue two nominatyf cases, one of the fyrst persone, and the other of the seconde or the thyrde, the verbe shall accorde with the nominatyf case of the fyrst persone. As: Ego et tu legimus. And whan I haue one nominatyf case of the seconde persone, and the 10 other of the thyrde, the verbe shal accorde with the nominatyf case of the seconde persone, and not with the nominatyf of the thyrde. Vt: Tu et frater tuus estis discoli. Vnde versus: Personam prima ternam trahit atque secundam. Also whan I haue two substantyues, one of the masculyn, and the other of the femynyn or the neutre, the adiectyf shall accorde with hym of the masculyn gender; for the masculyn 15is better than the femynyn or neutre, and the femynyn better than the neutre. As: Ego et soror mea sumus albi. Femininum, neutrum primum genus attrahit ad se. How many verbes haue strength to cople lyke cases? Verbes substantyues that betoken »to be«, as: swm, es, fui, and other lyke. Verbes vocatyes, as nominor, appellor, muncupor, vocor 20 et dicor, anglice »to be cleped, named or called«. As: »I am called Thomas«: Ego vocor Thomas. »Thou arte called Iohan«: T'w appellaris Iohannes. Versus: Sum, fio, maneo, dic existo, fore, consto, Quando notant substans similes deposcere casus. Verba vocatiua sicut vocor his simulantur, 25 Nominor, appellor, cum nuncupor, addito dicor. Also some verbes passyues, as eligor, reputor, ordinor, haue strength to cople case, and generally whan that worde that gooth before the verbe, and the worde that gooth after the verbe, longe botheto one thynge, they shall be put both in one case. Also these verbes appareo, sedeo, and other lyke wyl cople case somtyme. Exemplum: Laycus non sedet iudex in 30 causis ecclesiasticis. — Versus: Plurima passiua vim predictam retinebunt: Eligor edilis; sapiens putor. Est generale: Si quod precedat verbum verbumque sequatur, Pertineant ad idem, casu ponantur eodem. 35 Eminet, apparet, sedeo iudex, eo velox, Hec poscunt similes post se, pre se quoque casus. This verbe desino, -mis, anglice »to leue« or »to cease«, is construed with a genityf case, or elles with an ablatyf case with a preposicyon. As in this example: »Leue playenge«: Desine ludi vel a ludo. Abstineo is construed with a genytyf case and an ablatyf case. As in 40 this example: »We muste absteyne from flesshe the frydayes«: Sextis feriis a carnibus abstinere debemus. Vnde versus: Desinit, abstineo sexto dabis et genitiuo. Egeo, -es, indigeo, -es are construed with a genytyf, accusatyf or ablatyf case. Vnde versus: 45 . Indigeo quarto iungas, genito quoque sexto. Dominor, -aris, misereor, eris are construed with a genytyf or datyf case.. Exemplum: Pater meus dominatur terris multis. Deus misereatur nostri vel nobis. Iunguntur genito, terno dominor, misereri. Valeo- -les, anglice »to be worth«, and consto, -as, »to cost«, are construed with a genytyf case 5oofthat worde that betokeneth pryce, yf the prycebe vncertayne. As in this example: »My boke M e 7 — cost more than it is worth«: Liber meus constabit pluris quam valet. If the worde that betokeneth pryce sygnefyeth certayne pryce, than it shall be put in the ablatyf case. As in this example: »This boke cost .XX. pens«: Hic liber viginti denariis constabat. Finitum precium quando tibi significabunt Consto cum valeo, cum sextis consociantur; 5 Hec tamen incertum si signent, des genitiuis. Accuso, arguo, damno, moneo, reprehendo, and other lyke are construed fyrst with an accu- satyf case and than with a genytyf case or elles with an ablatyf case. As in this example: »The mayster rebuked his scolers for theyr late comynge to scole to daye«: Preceptor arguebat discipulos tardi sui aduentus vel de suo tardo aduentu hodie ad scolam. Accusabo te iniurie. Versus: 1o Arguo cum damno, monet, accusat, reprehendit . Quartum cum genito sextumque petunt sibi casum. Obliwiscor, -ris, recordor, -aris and reminiscor, -eris are construed with a genytyfe case and an accusatyf case. Exemplum: »I thynke vpon thy gentylnesse«: Tuam hwmilitatem recordor. Vnde versus: : 15 Est obliuiscor, reminiscor, siue recordor, Quicquid est simile, quarto iunctum et geuitiuo. These verbes priuo, -as, spolio, -lias, and other lyke wyll haue after them an accusatyf case and an ablatyf case. Exemplum: Iohannes priuawit me cultello. Vnde versus: Cum priuatiuis tu casibus vtere quartis 20 Ac ablatiuis. Sic: Numinis me spoliarunt. Consulo-, -is, whan heis a verbe actyf, he is englysshed »to aske counseyle«, and is con- strued with an accusatyf case and somtyme with a genytyf case or an ablatyf case. As in this example: Consulo te remedii vel de remedio. But whan consulo is a verbe neutre, anglice »to gyue counseyle«, he is construed with a datyf case and somtyme with an accusatyf case. As:25 Consulo tibi commodum. Vnde versus: - Consulo te (rogito), tibi consulo (consilium do) Primum cum quarto iungas, ternoque secundum; Et quandoque alios poscunt sibi casus, Benedico and maledico ben construed with a datyf case all onely apud doctos, though 3o the chyrche saye: Benedicite dominum. Also the englysshe of benedico is not »to blysse«, ne maledico »to curse«, but benedico is »to say well«, and maledico is »to saye euyl«. Exemplum: Discipuli habent benedicere, non maledicere preceptori: »The scolers ought to saye well and not euyll by theyr mayster«. And latyn »for to curse« is: execror, -aris, dewoweo, -es, or imprecor, -aris, with this aduerbe male, ioyned with hym. And latyn »to blysse« is: optare bene. Exemplum: 33 »I haue cause to blysse my mayster«: Habeo bene optare magistro. Vel sic: Habeo bene precari magistro. Vnde versus: ; Tertium, non quartum benedico petit sibi casum. Quod contra signat, similem maledico requirit, This verbe consto, -as, after Guaryn, is englysshed somtyme »to stande togyder«. As: 40 Ego cum illis ad ignem consteti. Somtyme he is taken for this verbe est or this verbe construor »is to be buylded«. As we say: Domus constat ex tecto, pariete et fundamento. Somtyme he is put for this verbe statur or this verbe patet. Exemplum: »This is open or knowen to me«: Hoc constat michi. And somtyme consto is »to cost«. Consto notat valeo, pateo simul est aliquando. 45 Also these verbes in these verses folowynge wyll be construed with a datyf case and in the passyf, yf they be verbes impersonalles. And that that semeth to be the nominatyf case in comyn speche shal be the datyf case. As in this example: »l am serued«; Michi serwitur. Obuio, parco, placet, noceo, respondeo, seruit, Precepit, opponit, concludo iunge datiuis. Supplicat, arridet, faueo, vaco, proficit, heret, Subuenit, addatur, succurrit, propiciatur, e - Congruo, compatior, confert, succedit, adulor, Incidit, imponit, conuitior, improperabit, Sufficit, aspirat, valedico, gratulor, astat, Emittet, equiualet, alludit, obedit et obstat, 5 :Occurrit, restat et cedo, quando locum dat, Insidior, pateo, minor, ast obtempero, fido, Dérogo, condoleo, preiudico, detraho, defert, , Suppetit his iungas, quesum, componit eis dans: ; Hec et quamplura ternis coniungere cura. 10 All these verbes folowynge wyl be construed with a double accusatyf case, and theyr passyues - with the later accusatyf case. Exemplum: Doceo te grammaticam. Doceor grammaticam. Vnde versus: : : Postulo, posco, peto, doceo, rogo, flagito, celo, Exuo cum vestit, monet, induo, calceo, cingo: I5 Accusatiuos geminos hec verba requirunt; Passiuis quorum postremus iungitur horum. Whan this sygne »that« foloweth a nowne adiectyf, verbe or partycyple, and cometh before the parte of a mannes body or a worde that betokeneth parte of a casuall worde that gooth before the worde that betokeneth that parte, it shall be put in the accusatyf without a 20 preposicyon, this fygure, sygne or token. Vt: Hec est virgo venusta faciem. Vnde versus: Adiectiua regunt passiua verbaque neutra Accusatiuos per sinecdochen sibi iunctos. These verbes folowynge wyll haue an ablatyf case after them. Exemplum: Vescor solo pane hodie, careo butyro. — Potior is construed with a genityf case and somtyme with an accusatyf 25 case and somtyme with an ablatyf case. Exemplum: Potitus est rerum; sed potiri rerum dicitur consequi imperium. — Potitus est res, dicimus rebus. Vestitur ac fruitur, vtor fungorque, pofitur Cum careo sextos transitione regunt; Iungitur et potior quarto, sexto, genitiuo. 30 Euery partycyple, gerundyue, and supyne may be construed with that same case that the verbe that he cometh of, wyll. Versus: Omne gerundiuum, sic participansque, supinum Hos poscunt casus quos sua verba regunt, This nowne opus vndeclined wyl haue an ablatyf case after hym and somtyme an accu- 35 satyf. As: Ego habeo opus veste aut vestem. Sextum vel quartum sibi iungit opus signando necesse. The nownes plenus, -a, -um, and vacuus, -a, -um, and all other that betoken fulnes or emptynes, may be construed with a genytyf case or ablatyf case after them. . Also suche as betoken plentefulnes or pouerte may haue a genytyf or an ablatyf case after. 40 Plenus cum vacuus, sic diues, pauper, egenus Cum reliquis paribus sextis dabis, genitiuis. These two nownes dignus and indigmus be construed with an ablatyf case all onely. Vt: Tu es dignus premio. Dignus et indignus tantum poscunt sibi sextum. 45 These nownes similis et dissimilis, and other lyke be construed bothe with a genytyf case and a datyf case. Vt: Sum similis tui vel tibi. Tu iungas similis genitiuo atque datiuo. A. nowne substantyf or pronowne with a partycyple dependynge of no verbe or parti- . Cyple wherof he may be gouerned, shall be put in the ablatyf case absolute. As in this 50 example: »The mayster techynge scolers must take hede«: Docente preceptore discipulos | oportet animadvertere. Nnde versus: — UE 9 —— Est ablatiuus quandoque regente solutus, Si nomen vel pronomen cum participante Iungitur et nullum dependens est sibi.verbum. Vt: Vento flante gradior, socio comitante. The ablatyf case absolute shall be expowned by this aduerbe dwm or by this aduerbe 5 cum. As: Docente preceptore sic exponitur: Cum preceptor docet vel dum preceptor docet. Per dwm vel per cum sexti resolutio fiet. Whan I haue a nowne that betokeneth tyme, mesure or space, yf it be not the nomi- natyf case of the verbe or other wyse gouerned of the verbe, it shall be put in the ablatyf case, and ofter seasons it may be put in the accusatyf case. As in this example: »I am .X XVITI. 10 yere olde«: Ego sum viginti et septem annos natus. Therentius in Eunucho: Dies noctesque me ames. Exemplum de spacio: »London is from Oxeforde fyfty myle«: Distat Londoniwm ab Oxonio quin- quaginta milibus passuum. Exemplum de mensura: »This scole is twenty fote brode«: Hec scola est pedibus viginti lata. Quod tempus signat, quarto sextove locetur. I5 Mobile mensuram designans addito sexto. Iungitur et quarto; testis Virgilius extat: Tris pateat celà spaciwm non amplius vlnas. Whan I haue an adiectyf comynge by hymselfe without a substantyf, it shall be put in the neutre gendre lyke a substantyf. As: »It is not good for me to stonde longe bare 20 heed«: Bomwm michi non est diu stare mudato capite. Vnde versus: Mobile si quando preponitur sine fixo, Tunc neutrale genus ipsum sibi vendicat apte. Also whan I haue the englysshe of this nowne res comynge with an adiectyf, I may doo awaye this nowne res, and put the adiectyf inthe neutre gendre. Exemplum: Pauca habeo.?5 Multis indigeo. Also whan I haue an adiectyf and a substantyfe comynge togyder, I may put the adiectyfe in the neutre gendre lyke a substantyf, and the substantyf in the genytyf case. Exemplum: Habeo plus cibi quam potus. Quid istic negocii est tibi? Nichil pecunie habeo. How knowest thou a verbe impersonal? For he hath no nombre, nor persone, nor 39 nominatyf case before hym. And he is fourmed and declined in the voyce of the thyrde per- sone of the verbe that he cometh of. How many maner of verbes impersonalles ben there? Two. Whiche two? A verbe .impersonall of the actyf voyce, and a verbe impersonall of the passyf voyce. How knowest thou a verbe impersonall of the actyf voyce? For he endeth in ¢ in35 the voyce of the thyrde persone, as penitet, muüseret. How knowest thou a verbe impersonal of the passyf voice? For he endeth in r, and is declyned on the voyce of the thyrde persone of the verbe that he cometh of, as: placetur, -batur, serwitur, -ebatur. These .V. verbes impersonalles penitet, tedet, miseret, pudet and piget ben construed with an accusatyf case in the stede of the nominatyf case, and with a genytyf case 4o in the stede of an accusatyf case. As: »I am wery of my lyfe«: Tedet me vite mee. Vnde versus: Penitet et tedet et miseret, pudet et piget ista Accusatiuos poscunt simul et genitiuos, Natura primum, sed transitione secundum. These verbes impersonalles in these verses folowynge wyll haue an accusatyf case in 45 the stede of the nominatyf case. As: »I must goo to the mayster«: Oportet me ire ad precep- torem. »Good scolers haue a pleasure to lerne«: Bonos scolares iuuat discere. Notwithstondynge somtyme they be verbes personalles, and haue a nominatyf before them. Exemplum: Hic cibus delectat me. Hec res latet me. Vnde versus: st pO 1 Quarto iunge iuuat, decet ac delectat, oportet; Et latet illorum numero vult associari. These thre verbes impersonalles refert, interest, and est sette for pertinet wyll be construed with a genytyf case of nownes, and an ablatyf of fyue pronownes, as mea, tua, sua, nostra et 5vestra. As in this example: »It is for my profyte«: Mea interest. »It is for thy profyte«: T'ug interest. »It is for his profyte«: Swa interest. Also this verbe interest after Pryscyane is con- strued with an ablatyf case of the femynyne gendre of this nowne possessyue cuíus, cuia, cuiwm. Vnde versus: Refert, inter- et est genitum pro pertinet adde; IO Et sextum proprie denotant pronomina quinque, Nanque: Refert nostra, me-, tu-, su-, cu-, quoque vestrd. These verbes impersonalles in these verses folowynge wyll be construed with a datyf case. Exemplum: »We may no ete flesshe on the frydaye«: Non licet nobis comedere carnes in sextis feriis. I5 Hec libet atque licet, placet et liquet, accidit adde, Congruit, euenit et contigit et expedit ista, Conuenit, incumbit, vacat et cedit, quoque prestat Cum reliquis paribus sunt consociata datiuis. Pertinet is construed with an accusatyf case with a preposycyon and not with a datyf 20case. Vt dicendum est: Hec res pertinet ad me et non michi. — Quarto, non terno coniunges pertinet apte. All the verbes impersonalles of the passyf voyce wyl be construed with a datyf case, or elles with an ablatyf case with a preposycyon expressed or vnderstonde. Exemplum: »I am pleased«: Michi placetur. »The mayster is gone«: Itur a preceptore. It is not at all tymes to 25 expresse the ablatyf case. Exemplum: »They be gone«: Itur. »They fyght«: Pugnatur. » What do they«?: Quid agitur? »They sytté«: Sedetwr. Vnde versus: Passiue vocis impersonale datiuis Aut sextis iungas cum preposito preeunte: A pueris itur; a preceptore venitur; 30 Regi serwitur, sed mon sibi, credo, placetur. Suche verbes as betokeneth bodyly mouynge, as eo, 7s and venéo, -is, may haue often- tymes the sygnyfycacyon of the passyf voyce in the preterperfectens, and in all the tenses that be fourmed of hym. Exemplum: »My mayster is come«: Magister meus venit. »My felowes ben gone«: SocZ mei abierunt. Whan the englysshe of the infinityf mode cometh after ony of 35 these nownes hora, tempus, causa or locus, it may be putin a gerundyue in -dj. As: »It is tyme to praye«: Tempus est orandi. »I haue cause to wepe«: Habeo causam flendi. It is vsed also after adiectyues and voyces of partycyples that be nownes, whan they haue a gerundyue after them. Exemplum: Timens negandi, doctus camtandi, peritus dicendi, cupidus audiendi et similia, Tempus, causa, locus, libertas iusque, voluntas, 40 Ars, modus atque licentia, nomina talia queque Prima solent post se vocitare gerundia iure: Que nunc narrandi mon est locus, Affricus inquit. Whan the englysshe of the infynytyfe mode cometh after a verbe or a particyple betokenynge prayenge, it shall be put in a gerundyue in -do with this preposycyon de before 45hym. Exemplum: Oro fe de scribendo michi latinitatem. Also whan I haue the englysshe of a particyple of the presentens with this sygne »of« comynge after a nowne adiectyfe, it shall be putin a gerundyue in -do without a preposycyon. As: »I am wery ofsyttynge«: Ego sum fessus sedendo. Versus: Pone gerundiua -do post rogitantia verba, 50 Post adiectiua: Mater mea fessa sedendo; Te rogo de dando veniam michi deque iwwando. — ÁÁ— S UE u TE Whan the englysshe of a particyple ofthe presentens cometh after a nowne substantyf with this preposycyon »in«, it may be put in a gerundyue in -do. Exemplum: »Scolers in takyng hede growe to cunnynge«: Scolastici in aduertendo euadunt docti. Versus: Participans presens post substantiua repostum Inque gerundiuo vel participante locato. 5 Vt: Gladiatores pugnando vulnera . figunt; Est in cantando frater meus Orpheus alter. Whan the englysshe of the infinityf mode cometh after a reason, and telleth the cause of the reason, it may be put in a gerundyue in -dum with this preposycyon ad before hym. As; »I come to lerne grammer«: Venio ad discendum grammaticam. Vnde versus: 10 Ad -dwm causa dabit: Non est cibus ad comedendwm. Ad mea tergendwm vulnera mappa deest. A gerundyue in -dum may come in comyn speche with this preposycyon n£er preput in the stede of the nominatyf case and the verbes. As: Inter sedendum, id est dum sederent; »as they walked«: inter ambulandum; »as they ryde«: inter equitandum. I5 Inter quandoque cum -d^m. preponitur apte: Inter prandendum pro dwm pranderet habetur. Hinc Maro sit testis: Age, Titere, et inter agendwm Occursare capro (cornu ferit ille) caueto. Whan the englysshe of the infynityf mode foloweth this englysshe »it is«, it may be 20 putin a gerundyue in -dwm withthis verbe esf, sed impersonall. Exemplum: »The kynge it is to fyght«: Regi pugnandum est. »Scolers it is to studye«: Scolaribus studendum est. And that the semeth to be the nominatyf case, shall be the datyfcase. Also whan I haue this englysshe »must«, where as it semeth to be made with this verbe oportet, it may be put in a gerundyue in -dum - with this verbe est.. As: »I must goo in to the towne«: FEundum est michi in vrbem. Vnde versus: 25 Impersonali verbo esí quoque iungitur, ecce: Vincendum est hostes regi per prelia nostro. Whan the englysshe of the infynytyf mode cometh after a verbe or a partycyple betokenynge mouynge or goynge to the place, it shall be put in the fyrst supyne. As: »I go on huntynge«: Ego vado venatum. And fro a place it shall not be set in the later supyne, 30 but I shall take the nowne verball or an other nowne lyke. As: »I come fro souper«: Venio a cena. Exemplum: »I come fro huntynge«: Venio a venatione. Vnde versus: : Post motus verbum primum tu pone supinum, Ad loca si signat. Verbalia nomina pones, Cunque notat contra, cum preposito preeunte. 35 In the stede of the fyrst supyne lackynge I shall take the gerundyue in -dum with this preposycyon ad. As: »I go to lerne grammer«: Vado ad discendum grammaticam. Vnde versus: Pone gerundiuum -dum deficiente supino: Ad bona discendum dogmata pergo celer. Whan I haue the englysshe of the infinityf mode comynge after a nowne endynge in 4o -ilis or in -bilis, it shall be put in the later supyne. As: »Our lesson is harde to cunnec: Lectio nostra est difficilis scitu. It may be vsed also after other adiectyues. Vt: Hocest dignum factu. Hoc est turpe dictu. Vnde versus: Post adiectiuum -bilis ac -ilis esto secundum: Flebilis auditu rumor. Est agilis puer actu. 45 Whan the englysshe of the infynytyf mode cometh after this verbe sum, es, fui, if it be of the actyf voyce, it shall be put in a partycyple of the fyrst futertens in -rus. As: »L am to go out of the towne to morowe«: Cras profecturus sum. And yf it be the englysshe of the passyf voyce, it shall be put in a partycyple of the latter futertens. As: »Chyldren must be corrected«: Pueri sunt castigandi. Vnde versus: 50 Participans in -rus post sum tu pone vel in -dus. Vt: Sum lecturus Nasonis carmina summa. Laus adhibenda deo pro victis hostibus esto. Whan the partycyple fayleth, I shall take this relatyf qui, que, quod with the verbe. 5 Vnde cum dicitur anglice: »I shall lerne grammer« or »I am to lerne grammer«, the whiche maner of englysshe is not vsed. Non recte dicitur: £go qui sum discam grammaticam. Neque dicimus: Ego fui vescens; fui reminiscens; aut sum qui timebo. But in all suche englysshe I shall exclude the relatyf, and make it by the tens that is equiualent, orelles by an other verbe that is of the sygnyfycacyon or equiualent. Vt: Kgo discam grammaticam. Aut sic: Dabo operam 10 grammatice. Si tibi participans desit, vitato relatum. Ne barbarizes, bene doctos non imitatus. Whan I haue an englysshe to be made by ony of these verbes exulo, vapulo, veneo, fio or liceo, that doth the dede of the verbe, shall be put in the ablatyf case with a preposycyon, !5 and that the suffreth, shall be put in the nominatyf case. As: »The kynge hath banysshed many traytours«: .A rege multi traditores exularunt. »The fysshers sell theyr fysshe dere«: A piscariis pisces carí veneunt. Also whan I haue an englysshe to be made by this verbe nubo, -bis, that the dooththe dede of the verbe, shall be put in the datyf case, and that the suffreth, shall be put in the nominatyfcase. As in this example: »My broder shall wedde thy syster«: 20 Fatri meo nubet soror tua. Whan I haue a propre name of a place, towne or cyte, and yfit be the fyrst declenson or the seconde and the synguler nombre and betokeneth at a place, it shall be put in the genytyf case aduerbyally. Exemplum: »I go to grammer at Oxforde«: Incumbo grammatice Oxonii. »I was borne at Yorke«: Natus sum Eboraci. But and the propre name of the place sygne- 25 fyenge at a place be the plurell nombre or elles ony other declenson saue the fyrst declenson or the seconde, it shall be put in the ablatyf case aduerbyally without a preposycyon. As: »I haue a broder at scole at Athenis«: Est michi frater studens Athenis. Also to a plàee, yf it be à propre name of a plaee, it shal be put in the accusatyf case without a preposycyon, what soeuer declenson or nombre that it be. Notwithstondinge somtyme I may put a preposycyon before hym. As here by this example: »I go vnto Oxforde«: FEo Oxonium vel ad Oxoniwm. »l shall go to London«: Ibo Londoniwm vel ad Londonium. Iso fro a place, and it be a propre name of a place, is the sygne of the ablatyf case without a preposycion, what soeuer declenson or nombre it be: As: »I come fro London«: Venio Londino. »I come fro Oxforde«: Venio Oxonio. Notwithstondynge somtyme I may take 35a preposycyon before hym. Vt: Venio ab Oxonio. Venio a Londino. These rules of propre names ben to be vnderstonde of suche that be not compouned; for and they be compouned, euermore I must put a preposycyon before them. As: »I haue ben at Saynt lames«: Fui apud Sanctum lacobum. »l go to Saynt lames«: Vado ad Sanctum Tacobum. »l come fro Saynt Ilames«: Venio de Sancto lacobo. 40 Also these foure nownes rus, domus, humus, bellà and militia foloweth the rules of propre names of places. As: »I haue ben at home«: Fui domi. »I gohome«: Vadodomwm. >I come fro home«: Venio a domo. Notwithstondynge rus is put ofter aduerbyally in the datyf case than the ablatyf. Exemplum: Ruri twi. »My fader dwelleth in the countree«: Pater meus ruri habitat. o 3 45 This nowne domus is thus declyned: Nominatiuo hec domus, genitiuo huius domi vel domus, datiuo Awic domwi, accusatiuo hanc domum, vocatiuo o domus, ablatiuo ab hac domo. Et pluralis: Nominatiuo he domus, genitiuo harum domorum vel domwwm, datiuo his domibus, accusatiuo has domos, vocatiuo o domus, ablatiuo ab his domibus. Vnde versus: Per quartum domus est flectenda nisi sextus Singularis, quartus pluralis; et est genitiuus In numero vtroque semper flexus vtriusque. Whan I haue a questyon asked, I shall answere euermore by the same case that the questyon is asked by, excepte it be asked by a possessyf. Exemplum: Quem queris?: »Whome 5 sekest thou»? Magistrum. Cuia filia est hec? Respondeatur: Socratis. Versus: Quo casu queris, hoc respondere teneris, Ni possessiuum sit, quo tibi questio fiet. Euery worde that is put materyally, that is to saye taken for the voyce onely, shall be the neutre gendre, the synguler nombre, vndeclyned and the thyrde persohe. Exemplum: 10 Amo est verbum. Magister est nomen. The nownes in these verses folowynge lacke the genytyf, datyf and ä.blätyf plurell : Os, es, mel, maria, rus, thus, ius, ordea, vina Tres in plurali casus amittere debent. All the nownes of nombre fro thre to an .C. be nownes adiectyues and the plurell 15 nombre and vndeclyned. As in plurali numero nominatiuo: H/j and he and hec quattuor; hii, he and hec quinque. Vnde versus: A tribus ad centum numerum quotquot tibi signat, Sunt omnes generis pluralis nec variantur. All nownes dystributyues, relatyues, interrogatyues, and wordes includynge a negacyon zo lacke the vocatyf case. Also this worde memo lacketh bothe the vocatyf synguler and the plurel nombre. Que querunt, que distribuunt referuntque negantque, Infinita quoque casu carere vocante. Nemo caret quinto pariter numeroque secundo. 25 These foure verbes 2ncipit, desinit, debet et solet, whan they be ioyned to infynytyf modes of verbes personalles or without ony infynytyf mode, they be verbes personalles, and gouerne before them nominatyf cases. But whan they be ioyned vnto infynytyf modes of verbes im- personalles, they be verbes impersonalles, and wyll haue the case of the verbe impersonall that they be ioyned tofore them. Exemplum: Me éncipit tedere tui. 30 Thus endeth the longe paruula or englysshe rules. Enprynted at London in Fletestrete at the sygne of the sonne by Wynkyn de Worde, prynter vnto my lady the kynges graundame. Anno domini .M.CCCCC .IX, Notes. Enerally speaking the many misprints in the Bodleian copy, especially as regards the Latin part of the text, are easily to be corrected. In some cases the text of the Pervula proves useful in this respect, —— ^ Page 5, line 2. werbe after pryncypal is not in B. ) (= Bodleian text), but in the Pervula, and is abso- lutely necessary. — 8. B. adiectyf, nowne, pronowne or partycyple, adiectyf or relatyf. The word adiectyf here is double. The Pervula is correct: adiectyf, nown, : pronowne, particyple or relatyf. — 8. B. ad instead of an before adiectyf. — 29. B. pertinet instead of penitet. 6d — 31. B.f that he cometh. — Ib. B. by instead of be. — 34. The Latin quotation is from the Catiline of Sallust LV. — 37. B. eadem. — 40. B. concordet. — Page 6, line s. -TIT- fira means »substantives« — 11. discoli is the Greek -R Ovozolor — ill-tempered. — 17. B. afrahit. — 23. B. - ) — S0nm4s. — 26. B. orwinor instead of ordénor. — 31. B. purima instead of plurima. — 35. B. sedens instead of sedeo (Pervula). — 36. B. semilis. — 43. B. ego instead of egeo. — 46. B. miseror. — 48. B. miseri. — Page 7, line 1 and 3. Instead of constabit and constabat we ex- ^. pect, in conformity with the English text, constat. — 6. B. signet. — 10. B. énéuriam. — 13. B. -erisinstead of -aris after reminiscor. — 28. B. secundo. — 34. B. deueneo instead of deuoweo. — 35. B. ioyneth instead of joyned. — 39. The sense is: Maledico, which means the contrary (of benedico), requires the same case. - — 40. Guarini of Verona, a grammarian of the fifteenth century, author of the »Grammaticales Regulae« etc.; cp. Hazlitt, Schools etc. 96. — 41. B. contruor instead of construor. — 43. B. stitur instead of statur. — 50. B. ?unges, which is incorrect from a metrical point of view. Pervula has iwnge. — Page 8, line 6. B. insaneor instead of insidior (Pervula) — Ib. B. est instead of as (Pervula). — Ib. B. sibo instead of fido (Pervula) . — 9. B. est instead of && (Pervula). — 24. B. byreto instead of butyro. — 25. B. potius instead of potitus. — 26. B. once more potius instead of potitus. — Page o, line 5. B. ablolute instead of absolute. — 10. ofter seasons — oftentimes. — 11. Therentius in Eunucho. The quotation is from I, 2, 113. — 1:2. B. ab Oxoniwm instead of ab Oxonio. — 16. mobile means »adjective«. See also line 22 of the same page. — 17. B. es instead of ef, — FC Ihe verse is in Vergil's Third Eclogue 105 — 25. B. pauco instead of pawca. — 29. B. sibi instead of cibi. — Ib. B. quis instead of quid. — 39. B. pefitet instead of penitet. — Page 10, line 3. B. penitet instead of pertinet; cp., however, the context, and especially line 9 of the same page. — 6. Pryscyane. Cp. Prisciani Institutiones Grammaticae ed. Hertz l, 595: ‘Inferest’ et "refert genetivo solent adiungi omnium. casualium. absque supra dictis quinque pronominibus, pro quorum geuetivos ablativos ponimus possessivorum . . . *cuia? quoque infiniti possessivum cum supra dictis verbis pro genetivo primitivi ponitur. — 9. inter- means énterest. Pro pertinet belongs to est (cp. line 3: ‘est’ sette for ‘pertinet’). The sense of the line, therefore, is: Give the accusative case to refert, interest, and est, to the latter if it stands for pertinet. — 10. B. denotat. — 11. me-, tu-, su- cu- means meg, tua, sua, cuia. — 15. B. inde instead of adde (Pervula). — 21:. B. cum instead of non; cp. line 19: and not with a datyf case. — 28. B. prepositio instead of preposito (Pervula). — 30. B. Tegi instead of Regi (Pervula). — 42. Affricus. It is not sure who is meant here. It might be Priscianus, who was born in Mauretania, and is mentioned in line 6 of this page. But the words que nunc narrandé non est locus are not to be found in his »Institutiones Gram- maticae«. — 46. B. be instead of of after particyple. Cp., however, line 1 of the following page: particyple of the presentens. — 51. B. te instead of de before dando. — Ib. B. doque instead of deque (Pervula). — Page 11, line 4. B. reposcunt instead of repostum (Pervula). — 5. Inque. It belongs to participans presens in the preceding line; and this corresponds to the words of the English text: a particyple of the presentens . . . with this preposycyon “n’. The sense ofthe whole English passage (line 1-2) is: When in English a present participle with the preposition in before it (the so-called gerund) stands before a substantive, in Latin a gerund in -do may - be used. E. g. Gladiators in fighting inflict wounds on one another — Gladiatores pugnando (but also pugnantes) vulnera figunt. — 13: preput. B. has a comma after pre; but preput accords with preponitur in line 16. — 17. B. prandere instead of pranderet (Pervula). — 18-19. The quotation is from Vergils Ninth Eclogue 24-25, where, however, Tityre stands instead of T'tere and ferit instead of fert. - 21. B. put a gerundyue without?n. The preposition is, however, necessary, and is in the Pervula. Cp. also line 24 of the same page. — Ib. B. impersonali. — 22. B. scolares instead of scolaribus. — 24. The words where as . . . ‘oportet’ seem to be corrupt. — 37. B. descendwm . instead of discendum (Pervula). — 38. B. deficient instead of deficiente (Pervula). — 39. B. descendum instead of discendum (Pervula). — Ib. B. celo instead of celer (Pervula). — 42. B. situ instead of scitu. — 49. B. pwi instead of put. — Page 12, line 6. B. recti instead of recte. -— 12. B. barbarises. — 13. B. verses instead of wverbes. — 1i5. B. suffrer instead of suffreth; cp., however, line 18 of the same page. — 25. B. haue instead of sagwe. — 34. B. Londine. — 36. B. or instead of of. — 38. B. fwit instead of fui. — 39. B. weni instead of wenio; cp., however, in the English text: I come. — 42. B. vemi instead of venío; cp. the English text. — Ib. B. after instead of ofter. — Page 13, line 6. B. Socrates. 8. B. questie. — 10. B. and declyned instead of endeclyned. — 15. B. one instead of thre; cp. line 18. — 18. B. ¢ instead of ad. — 19. B. omnis. — Ib. pluraii. — 24. B. carnere. — 32. groundame. Margarét Beaufort, the grand- mother of King Henry VIII, T L NS du 22> \\\\\\\\\\\\«\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ Title-page of the Bodleian copy. BIN 35 m PUA AT SRR IR " ).E.«MMWD, EE ERN OROR .,ä»wm ER %fimfi%f VE TOR RTOR T AR T AN M RRE RRE TR MR VNIVERSITATI ABERDONENSI DIEBVS XXV. VSQVE AD XXVIII, MENSIS SEPTEMBRIS MCMVI SACRA SAECVLARIA QVARTA CONCELEBRATVRAE OPTANTES VT ACADEMIA ILLVSTRISSIMA IN OMNE AEVUM VIGEAT ET FLOREAT 74 Y IMO EX PECTORE CONGRATVLANTVR X DIRORECIOS FEIL LA VNIVERSITATIS FRIDERICO- ALEXANDRINAE ERLANGENSIS. — —ee9e—— —— — 19 S S < $ g = w L} * 2 & o ä 3 ä % u - 2 > 18 17 16 Inest libellvs gsrammaticvs latinvs LONGE PARVVLA qvi lingva anglica conscriptvs, A. D. 1509 typis excvsvs in Bibliotheca Bodleyana asservatur. ' 7f W Copyright 4/1999 YxyMaster GmbH www.yxymaster.com ERLANGNE TYPIS E. TH. IACOB TYPOGRAPHI VNIVERSITATIS ERLANGENSIS.